Equus

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Equus
That is what his stare has been saying to me all
this time At least I galloped when did you?

• Courtney Kremer
• Department of Animal Science
• The Ohio State University

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Evolution of the Horse

• First predecessors small with several toes
• Predators speed needed
• Eocene epoch Eohippus fox sized, 5 toed
  creature
• Toes receded
• Shape of teeth changed
• Size increased
• Modern Horse
• Started in North America
• Populated rest of world via land bridges
• Extinct here reintroduced by Spanish

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Phylogenic atavism
The reappearance of a characteristic in an
organism after several generations of absence,
usually caused by the chance recombination of
genes.
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True Horse

• Equus
• Short ears
• Chestnuts on all four legs
• Tail covered with hair from top to bottom
• Neigh/whinny in place of bray/zebra like barks

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Ancestral Horse

• Przewalski horse
• Last remaining species of wild horse
• Others domesticated horses
• Ancestor of all modern breeds
• Has 66 chromosomes other horses have 64
• If crossed with domestic horses- produce fertile
  offspring with 65

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Horses in History

• Domestication date unknown
• First evidence points to China and Mesopotamia
  3000 BC
• 1493 Brought to New World by Columbus
• 1519 Cortez
• 1539 de Soto
• Spanish missionaries

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Current Uses

• Farming
• Showing
• Racing
• Pleasure
• Disciplines
• English
• Western
• Driving

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English

• Hunter/Jumper
• Cross Country
• Dressage
• Eventing

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Western

• Reining
• Cutting
• Pleasure
• Gaming
• Barrels
• Pole Bending
• Etc

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Draft Breeds

• Large, strong horses
• Used in farming, pulling, and showing
• 14.2-17 hands, 1400 lbs

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Draft Breeds

• Belgian
• Originated where?
• Bay, chestnut and roan most common
• Lowest set most massive draft breed
• Farm work and exhibition
• Favorite of Amish farmers
• Radar

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Draft Breeds

• Clydesdale
• Scotland
• Bay is most common color
• 16.3-18 hands
• Can weigh over a ton
• Feathers on legs
• Farm work or exhibition

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Warmbloods

• Cross of Hotblood with Coldblood
• Draft cross with light breeds
• All around sport horses
• Used in upper level dressage, eventing, and show
  jumping

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Hanoverian

• German breed
• 15.3-17.2 hands
• Generally larger than light horses
• Well muscled
• Highly athletic
• Color restrictions on registration
• No palomino, buckskins, or horses with too much
  white

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Light Breeds

• Typical Horse
• Riding
• Racing
• Harness
• Stock work
• Showing
• 14.2-17 hands, 900-1400 lbs

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Quarter Horse

• Originated in
• Texas
• Oklahoma
• New Mexico
• Colorado
• Kansas
• Great speed at one quarter of a mile
• Wide variety of colors
• Bred for business and pleasure

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Thoroughbred

• Three foundation sires
• Carry weight with sustained speed over extended
  distances
• Can hit 35-40 mph

• 1986 Jockey Club Record Book exceeded 51,000.
• America other countries in racing volume
• Avg. 16 hands (originally around 14)

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Arabian

• Bedouin tribes
• Gentle affectionate
• Europeans imported
• Cross with their horses
• Blood of Arabians in all breeds of light horses
• Avg. 14.2-15.2 hands
• Colors - grey, chestnut, bay and roan and with
  occasional solid black.

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Tennessee Walking Horse

• Bred for use on plantations
• Gaited
• Running walk
• 1885 Black Allen
• Foundation sire
• Pop culture
• Trigger and Silver
• Welfare Issues

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American Saddlebred

• Another plantation breed
• Started in Kentucky
• Mostly shown in Saddle Seat
• Gaited
• Walk, trot, canter
• Slow gait and rack
• Popular during Civil War
• Generals rode
• Pop culture
• Mr. Ed
• Which Star Trek alum is a saddlebred owner?

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Soring
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Standardbred

• Fastest harness horse in the world.
• Hambletonian 10 - the foundation sire
• 90 of all horses trace to him
• Horse must meet a certain "standard"
• either timed speed at the mile or
• breeding to be registered
• Avg. 15.2 hands
• Colors - bay, brown, and black

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Andalusian

• Equine worlds Ferrari
• Carthusian Monks in late Middle Ages
• European nobles rode
• Influence on Lipizzaner breed in the 1500's
• Usually white and light gray - occasionally bay
• Avg. 15.2 hands
• Great temperment
• Highly intelligent easy to train
• Preferred mount for upper level dressage

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Lippizan

• Fusion of Arabian and Spanish horses
• 1562 - Austria
• Mostly found in grey color now
• Occasionally, black or bay found
• Born dark turn white around 6-10 years
• 14.3 to 15.3 hands
• Spanish Riding School - 1735 in the imperial
  palace in Vienna
• This breed is a favorite for airs above the
  ground and intense dressage passes

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Paint Horse

• Favorite of cowboys and Native Americans
• American Paint Horses have strict bloodline
  requirements and a distinctive body type
• The Pinto Horse Association is a color registry
• Paints are stocky and powerfully muscled
• Wide array of colors
• Skewbald
• Piebald

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Appaloosa

• In almost all disciplines
• Eager to please gentle disposition
• Reliable family horse level headed
• Nez Perce of Washington, Oregon and Idaho
• White settlers came to Palouse region
• Called the spotted horses "Palouse horses
• Morphed into Appaloosa
• What 4 things must a horse have to be registered
  as an Appaloosa?

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Color Breeds

• Palomino
• PHBA is a color registry
• 14-17 hands
• Dark skin/eyes
• Light mane and tail
• Three divisions of Palominos
• Stock
• Mainly QHs
• Golden American Saddlebred
• Saddlebreds (duh.)
• Pleasure type
• Morgans, Arabs, and Walkers

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Ponies

• Little guys
• Used as childrens mounts, in showing, and
  driving

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Ponies

• Shetland
• Where are they from?
• Oldest breed of horse in Britain?
• Most popular ponies worldwide
• Lived in the open
• Thick mane
• Shaggy coat
• Long fetlocks
• Carried peat from bogs (fuel) and seaweed to
  fields (fertilizer)
• Strongest equine relative to its size
• Coal Ponies
• Now mostly pets
• Avg. 9.3 hands and does not exceed 10.2

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Hybrids

• Hybrid
• Mule Have 63 chromosomes horses have 64 while
  donkeys have 62
• Usually infertile
• Zorse male zebra x female horse
• Z-donk male zebra x female donkey
• Easier to breed than horse/zebra
• Donkeys and zebras have more similar behaviors

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Im outta here!