Hallucinogens

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Chapter 17

• Hallucinogens

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Hallucinogens Affect Your PerceptionsScientists
have recently found that the damaged serotonin
neurons can regrow their fibers, but the fibers
don't grow back normally. The fibers may regrow
into brain areas where they don't normally grow,
but not into other brain areas where they should
be located. The new growth patterns may cause
changes in mood, learning, or memory.
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Whats Your Opinion?

• People have taken hallucinogenic drugs for a
  number of reasons. Some people used these drugs
  to feel more creative. Others would take these
  drugs for esoteric reasons, such as to feel more
  spiritual or to find inner meaning.
  Hypothetically, if hallucinogenic drugs were
  capable of accomplishing these purposes, would
  the use of these drugs be justified in your view?
  Would nondrug alternatives to feeling more
  creative, more spiritual, and more self-aware be
  better?

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Drugs in the Media and Tips for Teens

• The Psychedelic Sixties Reflections in Film,
  Music, and Literature.
• Tips for Teens link

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Phantastica

• Lewin (1931) referred to this group of drugs
  which create a world of fantasy in our minds
• Two types
• Indole hallucinogens
• Catechol hallucinogens

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Indole Hallucinogens (pg. 415)

• Indoles act on serotonin systems
• LSD (d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
• Most potent
• Odorless, colorless, tasteless
• Absorption is rapid from GI tract
• Tolerance is rapid, same dose ineffective within
  2-3 days
• Physical dependence hasnt been shown

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Physical Symptoms ofLSD Exposure

• Dilated pupils
• Increased body temperature
• Increased blood pressure
• Increased salivation
• Dizziness
• Loss of appetite
• Increased heart rate
• Sweating
• Nausea
• Numbnessand Tremors

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Psychoactive Symptomsof LSD

• Illusions
• Perceptual distortions
• Altered sense of time
• Synesthesia experience (hearing or feeling colors
  and seeing sounds)
• Enhanced emotionality

Lasts 6-9 hours at an effective dose (30-100
micrograms)
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Adverse Reactions to LSD

• Panic reactions
• Prolonged psychotic reactions
• Flashbacks - weeks or months later!

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Other Forms of Hallucinogens

• Psilocybin (magic mushrooms of Mexico, Native
  Americans)
• Seeds of Morning Glory and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose
  Seeds For Sale on the Web
• DMT (dimethyltryptamine) active agent in many
  plants
• Ayahuasca (religious healing vine in South
  America)

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Catechol Hallucinogens

• Catechol nucleus, basic structures of
  norepinephrine and dopamine
• Mescaline (active ingredient found in peyote
  cactus, Native American religion)
• Rapidly absorbed if taken orally
• 6 hour half-life
• Effects obtained in low doses
• Similar effects to LSD, psilocybin, and other
  alkaloid hallucinogens

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Amphetamine Derivatives (more like mescaline)

• DOM (STP) - higher toxicity
• MDA (see Figure 17-2)
• MDMA (Ecstacy) link
• Phencyclidine (PCP ) first tested as an
  anestheticlink
• Others
• Ketamine
• Dextromethorphan
• Nitrous oxide

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Anticholinergic Hallucinogens

• Botanical Links
• Belladonna (atropine plant)link
• Mandrake (associated with intercourse in the
  bible) link
• Henbane (scopalamine) link
• Datura (Ancient Chinese jimsonweed) link

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Synthetic Anticholingergics

• Once used to treat Parkinsons Disease
  (antispasmodic narcotics)
• Elderly are found to have anticholinergic
  syndrome link
• Dry mouth
• Increased temperature
• Delusions
• Hallucinations

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Chapter 17

• Hallucinogens
• Drug Testing Information
• Online Stores
• Uatests.com
• Testcountry.com
• Meditests.com
• Drugtestpurchases.com