lok

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welcome to windows
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INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS

• DEFINITION OF COMPUTERS
• The computer is an electronic
  device designed in such a way. It automatically
  accepts and stores input data process from and
  produce the desired output

CHARLES BABBAGE
is father of computers
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Computer stands for

• c -commonly
• O -operating
• M -machine
• P -particularly
• U -used for
• T -trade
• E -educational
• R -research

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CHARACTERISTICS

• Speed (fast)
• Accuracy (no error)
• Diligence (no tired)
• Versatility (one or more work)
• Storage capacity (more data base)

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Some of the comparison of using computer with
human
s.no characteristics computer Human
1 Speed Fast and excellent Very slow
2 Accuracy Makes no error Possibility for error
3 Performance Very good Poor
4 Instructions Follow perfect Change for imperfect
5 Remember Accurate Inaccurate
6 Different situations Makes good Difficult
7 Trial and error Makes good Difficult
8 Diligence high low
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Some of the comparisons of computer with
calculator
s.no characteristics Calculator computer
1 Speed Fast Much faster
2 Performance Simple calculations numeric processing Complex problem non-numeric processing
3 Memory Less internal memory no permanent storage, only temporary storage Large internal memory permanent storage available
4 Machine Electronic device Electronic device
5 Operation Arithmetic Arithmetic
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EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS

• Abacus
• Napiers device
• Slider rule
• Pascals calculating machine
• Leibnizs improved Pascal machine
• Punched card machine
• Charles Babbage's engines
• Hollerith card reading machine
• Mark-I digital computer
• The first electronic computer

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Computer generations

• First generation (1943-55)
• (i) THE ENIAC (1943-46) The electronic
  numerical integrator and calculator
• (ii) THE EDVAC (1946-52) The electronic
  discrete variable and computer
• (iii) THE EDSAC (1947-49) The electronic delay
  storage automatic calculator.
• ENIAC,EDVAC,EDSAC Vacuum tube computer are
  referred to as first generation computers.
• Second generation (1955-64)
• the Second generation emerged with transistors.
• Third generation (1964-75)
• The third generation was based on IC
  (Integrated Circuits) technology.
• Fourth generation (1975 onwards )
• IC contained only about 10 to 20 components,
  SSI (Small Scale Integration)
• 100 components in single chip, MSI (Medium
  Scale Integration)
• more components into single chip. LSI (Large
  Scale Integration)
• Fifth generation (yet to come)
• scientists are work on this computer (it is an
  artificial intelligence)

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Types of computers-
1.Analog computers- Analog is a
Greek word which means similar. The analog
computer works on the continuous electronic
signals. The display is also continuous. 2.Digital
computers- The digital computer,
both numeric and non-numeric information are
represented as string of digital. 3.Hybrid
computers- the hybrid computer
made to combine the qualities of both analog and
digital computer.
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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS-

• PERSONAL COMPUTERS
• SINGLE-USER-ORIENTED AND
  GENERAL-PURPOSE MICRO COMPUTER
• MICRO COMPUTERS
• THE SMALLEST CATEGORY OF COMPUTER,
  CONSISTING OF A MICRO PROCESSOR AND ASSOCIATED
  STORAGE AND INPUT/OUTPUT ELEMENTS.
• MINI COMPUTERS
• THE MINI COMPUTERS ARE LARGER
  THAN THE MICRO COMPUTERS AND MORE POWERFUL IN
  TERMS OF PROCESSING POWER. THESE ARE MAINLY
  MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEM.
• MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
• THE MINI COMPUTERS ARE
  LARGER,FASTER AND MORE EXPENSIVE THAN OTHER
  GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER. THESE ARE USED TO
  HANDLE HUGE VOLUMES OF DATA. IT WORKS MORE THAN
  ONE PROCESSOR AT THE SAME TIME.
• SUPER COMPUTERS
• SUPER COMPUTERS ARE MOST POWERFUL
  OF ALL THE COMPUTERS. THEY HAVE A HIGH PROCESSING
  SPEED. IT IS EQUAL TO 40,000 MICRO COMPUTERS.

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CONTROL UNIT
OUTPUT UNIT
INPUT UNIT
MEMORY UNIT
ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT

• CONTROL FLOW
• - - - - - - -gt
• DATA FLOW
• -----------?

SECONDARY STORAGE
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INPUT DEVICES

• KEY BOARD
• JOY STICK
• LIGHT PEN
• MOUSE
• THE OPTICAL MOUSE
• TRACKER BALL
• TOUCH PAD
• TOUCH SCREEN
• POINTING STICK
• MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION
• BAR CODING
• SPEECH INPUT UNIT
• SCANNER
• DIGITALCAMERA

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• OUTPUT DEVICES
• SCREEN VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT VDU OR MONITOR
• PRINTER
• SPEAKER

• TYPES OF PRINTERS
• DAISY WHEEL PRINTER
• LINE PRINTER
• DOT MATRIX PRINTER
• INK JET PRINTER
• LASER PRINTER

• STORAGE DEVICES
• PRIMARY
• SECONDARY