Cyberbullying in the context of ELearning

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Cyberbullying in the context of E-Learning

• Nathalie Noret
• York St John University
• E2BN Learning Conference
• 5th December, 2007

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Overview

• Cyberbullying which can occur in the context of
  E-learning
• Prevalence
• Nature

• E- Learning

• How E-Learning can be used as a tool to tackle
  Cyberbullying
• Curriculum links
• Resources

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Cyberbullying

• Study Cyberbullying within the context of
  bullying as a whole
• Nansel et al (2004) define bullying as
• Aggressive act
• Experienced repeatedly over time
• Intent to harm
• Cambell (2005) defines cyberbullying as bullying
  which occurs through media and communication
  devices

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Childrens use of the internet

• European commission study on childrens internet
  use highlighted
• Young children use the internet to play online
  games
• As children get older
• Boys continue to play online games
• Girls like to use social networking sites,
  instant messenger programmes
• At all ages children teenagers report
  frequently using the internet to find information
  for homework
• This however was found to have lower levels of
  enjoyment attached to it

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Prevalence of Cyberbullying

• Ybarra Mitchell (2004)
• Survey of 1501 adolescents in the US
• 19 had been involved in some form of online
  aggression
• Kowalski et al (2005)
• Survey of 3767 adolescents in the US
• 25 of girls and 11 of boys had been
  cyberbullied
• Li (2006)
• Survey of 264 Canadian adolescents
• 25 of males and 25.6 of females had been a
  victim of cyberbullying
• However 22.3 of males and 11.6 of females
  reported cyberbullying someone else

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Prevalence of Cyberbullying

• NCH
• Survey of 770 young people
• 20 had been cyberbullied
• 5 in internet chat rooms, and 4 by email
• MSN
• Survey of 518 adolescents
• 11 had been a victim of cyberbullying
• Smith et al (2004)
• 22 had been a victim of cyberbullying
• No research to date however has been conducted on
  cyberbullying which occurs in classes

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How technology is used to Cyberbully

• Websites
• Youtube
• Blogs
• Personal websites
• Online Polling
• Online Gaming sites

• Email
• Social Networking Sites
• BEBO/ MySpace/ Facebook
• Paste nasty messages
• Create a page about someon
• Instant Messenger
• Such as MSN messenger
• Send nasty messages
• Hack into account

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CyberbullyingBy Instant Messenger

• Nasty threatening messages
• From friends
• From strangers
• Being ignored
• Friends can block you
• Account can be hacked into and messages sent to
  your friends list

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Cyberbullying usingSocial Networking Sites

• Have your own personal page
• Personal information
• Usually a wall or message board
• On these message boards where bullies post nasty
  or threatening messages

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Cyberbullying usingYoutube

• Number of stories in the press discussing how
  videos of children being bullied are being pasted
  onto Youtube
• Discussions under a video clip provide an
  interesting insight into bullying
• One of the earliest and most famous cases of
  cyberbullying can still be seen on Youtube
• The story of the Star-Wars Kid

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Cyberbullying usingYoutube

• The Star Wars Kid
• Rated the most watched Viral video (BBC 2006)
• Sent as an email attachment/ link to millions of
  people around the world
• Become a cult classic
• The Real Star Wars Kid Ghyslain Raza from Quebec
• Made the video for himself
• Stolen by friends
• Loaded onto the net and sent to other people who
  sent it on
• Ghyslain spent a year in psychiatric care
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vHPPj6viIBmU

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Cyberbullying which occurs through other webpages

• Creation of specific website about a person
• Rumours
• Share persons secrets
• Insulting
• Invite comments
• Send Web link to other person

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CyberbullyingHow does it differ?

• No Escape
• Cyberbullying does not end at school
• Relationship between bully and victim
• Do not always know the bully or who is actually
  doing the bullying
• Breadth of audience
• http//www.wiseuptoit.com.au/lauren_ordeal.html

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Does not just affect Children/ Teenagers
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Summary

• Variety of tools can be used to cyberbully
• Usually focus around
• Distributing humiliating/ embarrassing photos
• Sending/ Posting nasty, threatening or name
  calling messages
• Research suggests that girls are more likely to
  be victims of cyberbullying occurring through
  social networking sites
• Boys more likely to experience cyberbullying
  through online gaming sites
• However research on gender differences is limited

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• Using E-Learning to tackle
• Cyberbullying

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• Is it possible to use this technology within an
  E-learning context to tackle Cyberbullying?

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E-Learning
Communication
Good relationships
Social Moral dilemmas
Peers
Empathy
Personal safety
Importance of media
Legal Rights
Bullying
Appropriate use of Media
ICT use in general
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Teaching about CyberbullyingCurriculum Links
(outside ICT)

• Citizenship
• 1a-Legal rights
• 1h- Importance of media
• 2a-Topical news issue
• 2b-Justifying views in speech and writing
• 2c Contributing to class discussion
• 3a- considering others experience
• English
• en1Group discussion and interaction
• en3- Writing to explain, persuade and describe

• PSHE
• 1b-Exploring own sense of self
• 2bKeeping healthy
• 2cGood relationships and the need for balance
• 2d-Understanding the need and value for laws and
  rules
• 3a-Bullying
• 3b-Empathy
• 3c-Nature of Friendship
• 3e-Friendship and family pressures
• 4g-Social and moral dilemmas

Taken From B-Aware Teacher Notes
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Tackling Cyberbullying

• DCFS in their new guidance set out a number of
  ways to tackle cyberbullying
• Amend AUP and Anti-Bullying Policies
• Monitor the prevalence nature of ICT within
  school
• Increase awareness of Cyberbullying
• Increase understanding of Cyberbullying

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Tackling Cyberbullying

• DCFS in their new guidance set out a number of
  ways to tackle cyberbullying
• Amend AUP and Anti-Bullying Policies
• Monitor the prevalence nature of ICT within
  school
• Increase awareness of Cyberbullying
• Increase understanding of Cyberbullying

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Monitor

• Securus and other monitoring software
• Monitor activity of ICT use in schools
• Can the screen shots produced be incorporated
  into teaching?
• Use violation information as the basis of class
  discussions
• Appropriate ICT use
• Appropriate communication
• Bullying Peer relationships

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Monitor

• Cyberbullying survey
• Regularly collect and analyse information
• on the incidence of bullying, taking full
• account of pupils views
• OFSTED (2003), pg 3
• The department and local authorities should work
  towards creating a culture where schools are open
  about any bullying taking place within them. We
  recommend that all local authorities, in
  partnership with schools, develop a robust system
  for the collation, evaluation and reporting of
  bullying for the purpose of effectively improving
  and tackling the management of this issue across
  all schools in their area.
• Commons Parliamentary Select Committee (2007), pg
  35

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Monitor

• Cyberbullying survey
• Can focus on cyberbullying in schools
• Alternatively the whole topic of bullying in
  school with questions on cyberbullying as part of
  the survey
• Online tools www.surveymonkey.com
• Pupils involved in discussions in the creation of
  tools to measure problem behaviours within school
  

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Increase Awareness understanding

• Definition problems
• Pupils understandings
• Provide examples of cyberbullying (as perceived
  by adults!)
• Screen shots provided by monitoring software
• Published research
• Youtube
• Screen shots from Social Networking sites

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Contact Details

• Nathalie Noret
• Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
• York St John University College
• Lord Mayors Walk
• York
• YO31 7EX
• [phone]
• n.noret_at_yorksj.ac.uk

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References

• http//ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities
  /sip/docs/eurobarometer/qualitative_study_2007/sum
  mary_report_en.pdf
• http//www.wiseuptoit.com.au/lauren_ordeal.html
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vXyvCEGkroT4
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8iIUgVVcpig
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8af1MWUwKdU
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vu215XyQZjAs
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vYxKYU3SIDhI
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vtQkG7zaaSgs
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v7fdHOsde9qI
• http//www.wiseuptoit.com.au/lauren_ordeal.html