Internet History

1
Internet History Basics
2
What is the Internet?

• Origins of the name
• internetwork -- internet
• A worldwide network of networks
• LAN--Local Area Network
• WAN--Wide Area Network
• The Internet is a worldwide communication system.
  Not unlike. . .
• Postal System
• Telephone System
• The largest Database of all.

3
History of The Internet

• 1957 USSR launches Sputnik.
• US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency
  (ARPA) within the Department of Defense.
• 1969 ARPA connects 4 computers Stanford, UCLA,
  UC Santa Barbara, University of Utah.
• 1970 20 computers networked on ARPANet.
• 1973 First international connections to ARPANet
  University College of London, Royal Radar
  Establishment in Norway.

4
History of The Internet

• 1979 USENET established.
• 1980 Miltary demands on ARPANet increase.
• Military established MILNet.
• ARPANet continued to connect defense
  contractors and research institutions.
• 1982 ARPANet standardized on TCP/IP suite.
• 1984 1000 world wide networked computers.

5
History of The Internet

• 1986 National Science Foundation gets involved.
• Connects 5 major supercomputer centers
  around the country, (NSFNet).
• NSF connects small regional networks to a
  new high-speed backbone, (56k bps).
• 1987 IBM, MCI, Merit Network are contracted to
  build a faster network backbone.
• By the end of 1987, 28,000 machines connected.
• 1988 NSFNet backbone upgraded to T1, (1,544 Mps).
• 1989 Host machines on NSFNet top 100,000.

6
History of The Internet

• 1990 ARPANet deactivated.
• 1991 World Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN.
• NSFNet backbone upgraded to T3, (44.7 Mbps).
• 1992 1 Million hosts.
• 1993 InterNic created by NSF to provide Internet
  services.
• Mosaic takes the Internet by storm.
• White House comes online www.whitehouse.gov
• October 1993 - 200 HTTP servers.
• November 1993 - Web Traffic 1

7
History of The Internet

• 1994 ARPANet/Internet 25th anniversary.
• First Virtual, First Cyberbank opens.
• WebCrawler Yahoo go live, track web sites.
• 4 Million hosts by the end of 1994.
• 1995 NSFNet reverts back to research network.
• Traditional online systems, (Compuserve, AOL,
  etc.) offer Internet access.
• Netscape Navigator introduced.
• Small ISPs proliferate.
• 9 Million hosts by end of 1995.

8
History of The Internet

• 1996 Java Introduced, Web Multimedia
  Grows. Internet Explorer released by Microsoft.
• Several US Government sites are Hacked.
• July- AOL system crashes for 36 hours.
• December- 15 million hosts, 61 million users.
• 1997 Security bugs found in Internet Explorer.
• U.S. Robotics et al. release x2 Modems.
• Explosive growth of Web Authoring Tools.
• Web TV released to consumer market.

9
History of The Internet

• 1998 Internet 2 - goes live as next generation
  Internet.
• Microsoft releases Windows 98 - DOJ takes
  company to court over integrated web browser.
• E-Commerce explodes.
• Web Portals replace search engines.
• Linux gains.
• AOL buys Netscape.
• iMac introduced by Apple

10
History of The Internet

• 1999 147 Million users worldwide Source
  Computer Industry Almanac
• Spring - Melissa Virus
• June- Worm.ExploreZip Virus tears across
  Internet

11
A Network of Networks
12
What makes the Internet work?

• TCP/IP
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• Computers use Protocols to send types of
  information.
• Example Include
• HTTP -- Used to communicate Web pages
• FTP -- Used to transfer software
• SMTP -- Used to send and read Email

13
Internet Addresses

• charlie_at_mail.pennmanor.net
• (charlie) identifies the user.
• _at_ connects the who (charlie) with several where
  location identifiers
• The where mail is the Sub-Domain name
• The where pennmanor.net is the Domain name
• The extension (Net) identifies the type of host.

14
Internet Address Extensions

• .gov government
• .org organization
• .edu education
• .com commercial
• .net network
• .mil military

15
Control and Policing

• No binding rules
• Each entity pays its own way
• No formal Policing
• No centralized authority
• No system is 100 secure
• meaning...

16
Security on the Net

• Be cautious when giving out your Credit Card
  Number or financial information.
• Do not give out personal information, (address,
  phone number, etc.) unless you know exactly
  who you are talking to.
• Never assume that your recipient will be the only
  person reading your email.
• Keep your passwords secure.
• Always take anti-virus precautions.

17
SPEED COMPARISONS

• Transportation
• (mph)
• 8 farm lane
• 25 paved road
• 54 highway
• 195 Indy 500
• 625 jet plane
• 18,750 space flight

• Data Communications
• (pages/sec)
• 9600 bps faxModem 0.3/sec
• 28,800 bps (28.8 modem) 0.9/sec
• 57,600 bps (56k modem) 1.8/sec
• 500,000 bps (DSL, Cable) 15/sec
• T1 1.5 million bps 45/sec
• T3 45 million bps 1365/sec

18
ISP or Online Service Provider?

• ISP- Internet Service Provider
• Blazenet
• PA Online
• DE Jazz
• Earthlink
• Online Service Provider
• America Online
• MSN

19
ISP or Online Service Provider?

• What are your needs?
• Unlimited Access?
• Cost?
• Speed?
• Customer Service Tech Support
• Local Phone Call

20
Questions?