Fats, Carbs,

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Fats, Carbs, Proteinsoh my!

• Some very important hydrocarbons

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Whats a fat look like??

• Fats are a specific type of hydrocarbon that
  contain C, H, and O
• All fats consist of the same components
• 3 fatty acids
• 1 glycerol

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What makes each fat different?

• Fats differ in the number of H and C they
  contain.
• More C H means higher melting point and more
  energy released when metabolized in your body
• Fats also differ in the number of branches off
  the glycerol backbone
• Fats that contain all single bonds where carbons
  are bonded to 4 additional atoms are called
  saturated.
• Fats that contain a double bond are called
  unsaturated.

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Saturated Fats

• Saturated fats are typically solids at room
  temperature
• Produce slightly more energy when metabolized
• Some examples
• Butyric acid butter
• Myristic acid milk and dairy
• Palmitic and stearic acid meat
• Foods with a lot of saturated fat
• Butter (66!!!!!)
• Cheese
• Meat

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Monounsaturated Fats

• Monounsaturated one double bond
• Produce slightly less energy when metabolized
• Lower melting points
• Usually liquids at room temperature
• Will turn cloudy at lower temperatures
• Some examples
• Olive oil (77)
• Canola oil (62)
• Peanut oil (49)
• Peanut butter

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Polyunsaturated Fats

• Polyunsaturated more than one double bond
• Lower melting points
• Usually liquids at room temperature
• Some examples
• Vegetable oil
• Fish
• Salad dressing
• Mayo
• Margarine

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Wheres the fat?
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How much fat do you need???

• Based on a 2000 calorie/day diet
• Total Fat less than 65 grams
• Saturated less than 20 grams

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Whats a carbohydrate look like??

• Carbs contain C, H O in the general formula
  CnH2nOn (ie glucose C6H12O6)
• Straight chain aldehydes and ketones with a
  hydroxyl group

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Carbohydrate facts

• Carbs are not necessary for humans because our
  bodies can turn protein in to carbs
• Carbs are sugars like glucose, fructose,
  sucorose
• Carbs require less water to digest than proteins
  and fats
• Diets low in carbs can lead to brain and neural
  function slowing
• Glucose is a necessary carbohydrate present in
  all cells of living things which gives us energy
• Starch is an example of a polysaccharide, which
  is a great source of energy
• The daily recommended value for carbs is 300 g/day

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Where can you get carbohydrates?

• Rice
• Wheat
• Potatoes
• Corn
• Carrots
• Fruits (high in sugar which can be bad!!!)

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Whats a protein look like?

• Consists of amino acids
• There are only 20 amino acids that make up all
  the known proteins

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Protein Facts

• Proteins are broken down through digestion back
  in to amino acids which the body can use
• A deficiency of protein can lead to fatigue, hair
  loss, loss of muscle, low body temperature, and
  can even be fatal
• Protein from animal sources is called complete
  because it contains all 9 essential amino acids
• Protein from vegetable sources are considered
  incomplete because they lack one of the 9
  essential amino acids
• The daily recommended value is 50 g/day

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