The Meeting of Cultures

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The Meeting of Cultures

• Europe Looks Westward  
• Commerce (Moslem control of Silk Road) 
• Religion  

Marco Polos leaves for the Far East
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TIMELINE EUROPE 1500 - 1600 1521 - DIET OF
WORMS   1529 - IST SIEGE OF VIENNA   1534 - ACT
OF SUPREMECY BY ENGLISH PARLIAMENT   1534 -
FOUNDATION OF THE SOCIETUS JESU   1545-1563 - THE
COUNCIL OF TRENT   1553 - BURNING OF MICHAEL
SERVETUS IN GENEVA   1562-98 CIVIL WAR IN FRANCE
(HUGUENOT WARS)   1568 - 1641 - DUTCH WAR OF
INDEPENDENCE   1571 - BATTLE OF LEPANTO   1588 -
DESTRUCTION OF THE GREAT ARMADA
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THE VOCABULARY OF EMPIRE

• - REQUERIMENTO
• - ADELANTANDO
• ENCOMEDIA /
• ENCOMENDEROS

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• Christopher Columbus 
• Religion
• Slave Trader 

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The First Voyage of Columbus
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The Second Voyage of Columbus
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The Third Voyage of Columbus, 1498-1500
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The Fourth Voyage of Columbus
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  MAJOR
ENTRADAS 1513 - PONCE DE LEÓN, JUAN B. 1460,
TIERRA DE CAMPOS PALENCIA, LEON D. 1521,
HAVANA   1519-21 - CORTÉS, HERNÁN, MARQUÉS DEL
VALLE DE OAXACA B. 1485, MEDELLÍN, NEAR MÉRIDA,
EXTREMADURA, CASTILE SPAIN D. DEC. 2, 1547,
CASTILLEJA DE LA CUESTA, NEAR SEVILLE 1527 -
NARVÁEZ, PANFILO DE B. C. 1478,, VALLADOLID,
CASTILE D. NOVEMBER 1528, GULF OF MEXICO 1535
CARTIER, JACQUES B. 1491, SAINT-MALO, BRITTANY,
FR. D. SEPT. 1, 1557, NEAR SAINT-MALO   1539-42-
SOTO, HERNANDO DE B. C. 1496, /97, JEREZ DE LOS
CABALLEROS, BADAJOZ, SPAIN D. MAY 21, 1542,
ALONG MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN MODERN LOUISIANA,
U.S.   1539-42 - CORONADO, FRANCISCO VÁZQUEZ DE
B. C. 1510,, SALAMANCA, SPAIN D. SEPT. 22,
1554, MEXICO  
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Map of Spanish Exploration and Early
Colonization Activities in North America,
1513-1607
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Juan Ponce de Leon (1460?-1521
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Hernán Cortés (1485-1547)
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(No Transcript)
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Panfilo de Narvaez (1470-1528)
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca (1490?-1557?)
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Jacques Cartier (1491-1557)
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Hernando De Soto (1500?-1542)
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Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (1510-1554)
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Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (? -1543)
Juan de Oñate (1550?-1630)
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(No Transcript)
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Smallpox in the New World Santa Domingo, 1495,
fifty-seven to eighty percent of the native
population Puerto Rico, 1515, two-thirds of the
Indians of Puerto Rico were wiped out by
smallpox. Mexico Ten years after Cortez
arrived, the native population had been reduced
from twenty-five million to six million five
hundred thousand a reduction of seventy-four
percent. North America The Massachusetts and
other Algonquin tribes in the area were reduced
from an estimated thirty thousand to three
hundred. When the Pilgrims landed a year later
in 1620, there were few Indians left to greet
them. Approximately one million one hundred and
fifty thousand Indians living north of the Rio
Grande in the early sixteenth-century, but by
1907, there were less than four hundred thousand.
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Bartolome De Las Casas, (1474-1566)
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(No Transcript)
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Indians having their hands severed for failing
to meet the gold quotas
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TORTURE AND BURNING OF LEADERS
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Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of
the Crime of Genocide of 9 December 1948

• Article 2
• In the present Convention, genocide means any of
  the following acts committed with intent to
  destroy, in whole or in part, a national,
  ethnical, racial or religious group, as such
• Killing members of the group
• (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to
  members of the group
• (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group
  conditions of life calculated to bring about its
  physical destruction in whole or in part
• (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births
  within the group
• (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group
  to another group.

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TIMELINE HUMANITARIAN INITIATIVES      1493 -
ROYAL ORDERS TO COLUMBUS "TREAT... INDIANS VERY
WELL AND LOVINGLY"   1514 - REQUERIMENTO OF
PALACIOS RUBIOS   1537 - PAPAL BULL OF PAUL III
  1550 - DEBATE OF VALLADOLID LA CASAS VRS
SEPÚLVEDA   1573 - ROYAL ORDERS FOR NEW
DISCOVERIES   1580 - DEBATE OF BISHOPS OF NEW
SPAIN CONDEMNING TOTAL WAR   1614 - TRIAL AND
BANISHMENT FROM MEXICO OF JUAN DE OÑATE FOR
ABUSES OF PUEBLOS   1659 - ROYAL ESTABLISHMENT
OF THE PROTECTORES DE INDIOS   1500-1600S
FRANCISCO DE VICTORIA / FRANCISCO SUÁREZ EXPAND
JUST WAR THEORY
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DEBATE OF VALLADOLID (1550)    JUAN DE
SUPULVEDA   ARISTOTLE   LACK OF
HUMANITY   SPIRITUAL COMPENSATION    
BARTOLLEME DE LAS CASES   AUGUSTINE   EQUALITY
OF HUMANITY   HUMAN ADVANCEMENT
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ARISTOTLE AND SLAVERY    "THERE IS NO DIFFICULTY
IN ANSWERING THIS QUESTION, ON GROUNDS BOTH OF
REASON AND OF FACT. FOR THAT SOME SHOULD RULE AND
OTHERS BE RULED IS A THING NOT ONLY NECESSARY,
BUT EXPEDIENT FROM THE HOUR OF THEIR BIRTH, SOME
ARE MARKED OUT FOR SUBJECTION, OTHERS FOR RULE."
  , "...SOME MEN ARE BY NATURE FREE, AND OTHERS
SLAVE, AND THAT FOR THESE LATTER SLAVERY IS BOTH
EXPEDIENT AND RIGHT.   ARISTOTLE, POLITICS, BOOK
I, CHP. 5 (NEW YORK MODERN LIBRARY, 1943),
PP.58-6
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Just War Theory / St. Augustine    For it is
the wrongdoing of the opposing party which
compels the wise man to wage just wars and this
wrong-doing, even though it gave rise to no war,
would still be matter of grief to man because it
is man's wrong-doing.   A just war is wont to
be described as one that avenges wrongs, when a
nation or state has to be punished, for refusing
to make amends for the wrongs inflicted by its
subjects, or to restore what it has seized
unjustly.   We do not seek peace in order to be
at war, but we go to war that we may have peace.
Be peaceful, therefore, in warring, so that you
may vanquish those whom you war against, and
bring them to the prosperity of peace.
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(No Transcript)
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• The Spanish, English, French, and the Dutch in
  North America 

•  ST AUGUSTINE 1565
• ROANOKE SETTLEMENT 1590
• JAMESTOWN 1607
• QUEBEC 1608
• SANTE FE 1620
• PLYMOUTH 1620
• NEW AMSTERDAM 1624
• MASSACHUSSETTS BAY - 1630
• SAN DIEGO 1769