India and China Establish

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QUIT
India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C.A.D.
550
Chapter Overview
Time Line
First Empires of India
1
SECTION
MAP
Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
2
SECTION
Han Emperors in China
3
SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
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India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C.A.D.
550
Empires in both India and China establish
powerful dynasties and develop strong, vibrant
cultures. Invaders in India introduce new customs
and knowledge to Indian society. In China,
conquered peoples are made part of Chinese
culture through marriage and education. Ruling
styles and cultural advances vary in each empire.
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India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C.A.D.
550
Time Line
A.D. 65 Buddhism takes root in China.
321 B.C. Chandragupta Maurya founds Mauryan
Empire.
A.D. 220 Han Dynasty falls.
300 B.C.
A.D. 550
A.D. 320 Gupta Empire forms in India and
encourages a renewal of Hindu faith.
202 B.C. Liu Bang establishes Chinas Han
Dynasty.
A.D. 105 Chinese invent paper.
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First Empires of India
MAP
Key Idea
Both the Mauryan and Gupta empires temporarily
unify India. During part of the Mauryan Empire,
government policies are based on Buddhist
teachings of nonviolence and tolerance. Indian
culture thrives during the Gupta Empire.
Overview
Assessment
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First Empires of India
MAP
Overview
Mauryan Empire Asoka religious toleration
Tamil Gupta Empire patriarchal
matriarchal
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Mauryas and the Guptas established Indian
empires, but neither unified India permanently.
The diversity of peoples, cultures, beliefs, and
languages in India continues to pose challenges
to Indian unity today.
Assessment
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First Empires of India
MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Compare the Mauryan and Gupta empires.
Both
Chandragupta used spies, Asoka
followed teachings of Buddha.
Unified through force, required high taxes,
lasted for about 100 years
Defeated the Shakas, period of great cultural
achievements, invaded by Hunas
continued . . .
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First Empires of India
MAP
1
Section
Assessment
2. Which of the Indian rulers described in this
section would you rather live under? Explain your
opinion. THINK ABOUT
whether the ruler maintained peace and
orderand how
what methods the ruler used to influence his
subjects
developments in art and culture during the
rulers reign
ANSWER
Chandragupta Maurya, because he tried to
control crime. Asoka, because he believed in
nonviolence and promoted his subjects welfare.
Chandra Gupta II, because there was a cultural
flowering during his reign.
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
Key Idea
Changes in Buddhism and Hinduism make these
religions more personal and appealing to the
masses. India enters a highly productive period
in art, literature, science, and mathematics.
Through trade, Indian culture spreads to much of
Asia.
Overview
Assessment
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Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
Overview
Mahayana Theravada Brahma Vishnu
Shiva Kalidasa Silk Roads
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Indian religions, culture, and science evolved
and spread to other regions through trade.
The influence of Indian culture and religions is
very evident throughout Southeast Asia today.
Assessment
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Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. For each category shown below, list one
or more specific developments in Indian culture.
Mahayana Buddhism Hinduism became more personal.
Buddhist sculptures Kalidasa wrote Shakuntala.
The decimal system medical guides.
Profited from Silk Roads trade traded with Rome,
Africa, Southeast Asia, Arabia, China
continued . . .
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Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
2
Section
Assessment
2. What do you think was the most significant
effect of the changes in Buddhism and Hinduism?
Explain. THINK ABOUT
the effect on people who practiced the
religion
the effect on art and culture
the effect on other countries
ANSWER
More people were able to take part in popular
worship. Religion inspired art. Both
religions spread to many other countries.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
2
Section
Assessment
2. Cite three of the cultures that interacted
with India. Explain the result of each cultural
interaction. THINK ABOUT
interaction because of trade
the influence of art, science, religion
ANSWER
GreeksIndians learned western timekeeping.
Central Asian nomadsThey taught Indians about
Silk Roads trade. Southeast AsiaIndians
spread Hinduism, Buddhism, and artistic styles.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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Han Emperors in China
GRAPH
Key Idea
The Han Dynasty unifies China and develops a
highly structured, bureaucratic government, which
lasts about 400 years. Advances in technology and
culture are made, but laws favoring landowners
create economic and political instability.
Overview
Assessment
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Han Emperors in China
GRAPH
Overview
Han Dynasty centralized government civil
service monopoly assimilation
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Han Dynasty expanded Chinas borders and
developed a system of government that lasted for
centuries.
The pattern of a strong central government has
remained a permanent part of Chinese life.
Assessment
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Han Emperors in China
GRAPH
3
Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the methods that Han rulers used
to centralize the government.
Required local officials to report to central
government
Built up bureaucracy
Created civil service, based on exams
Established monopolies in many industries
continued . . .
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Han Emperors in China
GRAPH
3
Section
Assessment
2. What problem do you think was most responsible
for weakening the Han Dynastys power? THINK ABOUT
problems at court
problems with non-Chinese peoples
economic and social problems
ANSWER
The method of choosing an heir, because it led
to distracting plots and power plays. The
nomads, because they forced China to levy taxes
to maintain a large army. The distribution of
wealth, because poor people kept losing land to
the rich, which caused peasant uprisings.
Possible Responses
End of Section 3