English Project

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English Project
Gal Goldstein Keren Malki
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Kemal Ataturk wanted to turn Turkey into a modern
western society at any cost. How did this affect
Turkish society?
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Kemal Ataturk

• Kemal Ataturk was president of Turkish national
  for 15 years until he died.
• In order to complete the military revolution,
  Ataturk created the new Republic of Turkey in
  1923 and established a new form of government.
  Between the years 1926 to 1930, Kemal made legal
  changes that abolished the Islamic religious laws
  and a secular system of Government emerged. In
  1924, the Grand National Assembly adopted a new
  constitution to replace the 1876 document that
  had served as the legal framework of the
  Republican Government. Based on the new document,
  the assembly or parliament would be a body
  elected to a four-year term by general election.
  The main point of that step was to separate the
  country from religion. Kemal wasnt satisfied
  with the changes in the form of Government and
  wanted to change the daily lives of all classes
  in the population. Two of the main changes were
• Changing the status of women
• Changing the Turkish language

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The Status Of Women- Before The Reform

• In the past women were treated awfully and were
  controlled by men in different areas
• Men could marry or live with as many women as
  they liked.
• Men could murder women and even bury newborn
  girls alive.
• Men testimony was equal to two women.

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The Status Of Women- The Reform
In 1923 series political and legal reforms were
taken. Kemal wanted political and legal
revolution and one way was given emancipation to
the Turkish women base on changing Turkey to
secular state.
1926

• Women gained legal rights and changes in family
  life style.
• A code banned polygamy with religious marriages.
• Women got equal rights in matters of divorce,
  marriage and child custody.
• Girls minimal age changed to 15.
• By laws women have equality in issues of
  testimony and heritage.
• Women got equal rights in the educational system.
  
• Women no longer had to wear the veils and long
  clothes.

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1930
Women granted the right to vote in the local
elections
1934
Women granted the right to vote in the national
elections
In the election in 1937 the number of women that
were members in the Turkish Parliament was 18,
which meant 4.5 of all.
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1950
Urban women started to take part in labor force
and rural women found work as maids in private
homes. In 1960, world of opportunities opened for
women in the industry and a new law came out and
declared equal wages for both sexes for equal
work in 1966.
The 1980's
New significant state called feminism started
their new meeting. It was different from other
previous stages because women who spoke for
themselves establish it. Women started to write
about womens issues common to all societies such
as discrimination at education, workplace because
of the background of sex. The feminism women
argued for their physical needs and the
authorities of Turkey.
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The Status Of Women- Nowadays
9 million of the 21 million working population
of Turkey are women. Today, in rural areas, women
work in addition to their housework and not to
make a living. On the other side in urban areas,
we can see that more than
are women.
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Although womens contribution is substantial,
their productivity remains low. But as the
Turkish Phrase says, A husband should know how
to bring food and wife to make it suffice
confirming once again a womans place in the
home. Today the husband is still the head of the
family and the day that will bring us a full
equality between men and women is still far ahead
of Turkey.
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The Turkish Language - Before The Reform

• The Turks in the Ottoman Empire had established
  only
• one main language in Turkey, the Ottoman Turkish.
• Main facts about the Ottoman Turkish
• The Ottoman Turkish was mingled of Arabic,Persian
  
• and Turkish.
• The large number of linguistics that affected the
  Ottoman
• Turkish caused difficulties in spelling and
  writing.

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The Turkish Language - The Reform

The Turkish language reform process happened by
two basic steps adopting of a new alphabet and
changing of the vocabulary.
1928

• The Turkish language reform officially started in
  may 1928.
• Written numbers in Arabic replaced with their
  western forms.
• That year in November, the Grand National
  Assembly
• confirmed changing the previous Turkish
  alphabet to
• Latin alphabet.
• Ataturk himself took a chalk and a movable
  blackboard
• and traveled in the country and gave lessons
  in the new
• Latin Alphabet.

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The Turkish Language - The Reform
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The Turkish Language - The Reform
1929
On January 1, 1929, it was illegal to use the
Arabic alphabet to write in Turkish.
1932
The Turkish Language Society has replaced
foreign words in new Turkish folk words and
phrases. Arabic and Persian words were taken off
from dictionaries and have replaced them with new
Turkish words.
1934
Lists of new words were published in all over
Turkey, By that more Turkish people became aware
to reform.
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The Turkish Language - The Reform
1935
The new Turkish words was started to be seen in
the newspapers.
The 1940's
In the late 1940's was seen a very large
resistance to this reform. This resistance was
especially came from teachers, writers,
journalists and others that said the vocabulary
is too limited. In 1950 the Turkish Language
Society lost its influence in the
reform. Therefore, some words in Arabic and
Persian came out in government publication
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The Turkish Language - Nowadays
The 1990's
If we are looking at the reform that was made,
we Can say that its effects are unclear. The
shapes of the letters and numbers are still
being used nowadays. The reform helped to reduce
the tear between the classes. The cost of this
reform had been a drastic impact for the
literary and linguistic legacy of the
ottomans. Nowadays the reform is still continues.
Each decade is having its own changes, its
expresses by using more traditional words or
modern words. In the 1990's many Islamic words
entered to the Turkish vocabulary. Nowadays,
Turkish is spoken by more than sixty-million peopl
e, most of the Turkish speakers living in Turkey.
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-THE END-
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Any Questions ?