Civil Liberties

1
Civil Liberties Civil Rights

• Ch. 5 Ch. 6

2
Civil Liberties

• Personal rights freedoms that cannot be
  abridged
• Limits governments power to restrain or dictate
  how we act
• Conflict occurs when individuals or groups
  exercise their rights and the govt seeks to
  control that exercise in the interest of the
  rights of others and to keep order

3
The 1st Const. Amendments

• Anti-Federalists
• Incorporation Doctrine
• BoR Fed Govt
• 14th extends BoR to States
• Sec 1. Due Process Clause
• Gitlow v. New York, 1925
• Speech
• Near v. Minnesota, 1931
• Press
• Selective Incorporation
• Palko v. Connecticut, 1937
• Dbl Jeopardy doesnt Apply to States
• Higher burden of proof to the states

4
1st Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Religion

• Establishment Clause
• Engel v. Vitale, 1962
• Lemon v. Kurtzman, 1971
• State aid to Parochial Schools
• The Lemon Test
• Secular Purpose
• Neither Advances of prohibits Religion
• No excessive entanglement
• Free Exercise Clause
• Cant deny practice
• Not Absolute
• Polygamy
• Illegal Drugs

5
1st Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Speech
Press

• Not absolute
• Limiting Speech
• Alien Sedition Acts (1798)
• Federalists v. Dem-Republicans
• Expired
• Slavery Speech
• North v. South
• Lincoln the Press
• Anti-Govt
• Espionage Act
• Schenck v. U.S., 1919
• Direct Incitement Test, 1969
• Libel Slander
• What are they?
• New York v. Sullivan, 1964
• Public Figure Libel, 1991

6
1st Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Speech
Press

• Obscenity Pornography
• The Supreme Court says
• Roth v. US, 1957
• Miller v. California, 1973
• LAPS Test
• Congress says
• Laws
• Fed Funding for Arts
• The Internet
• SC says
• Decency OK
• Rules for the Net

7
1st Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Speech
Press

• What Types of Speech are protected?
• Symbolic Speech
• Symbols, signs flags
• Prior Restraint
• Rarely allowed
• NY Times v. US, 1971
• Hate Unpopular Speech
• Clarence Thomas Cross Burning
• Since 9/11

8
The 2nd Amendment The Right to Keep and Bear Arms

• Incorporation?
• Small Case Load
• US v. Miller, 1939
• Sawed off Shotguns Automatic Weapons
• Restrictions on Guns
• Brady Bill
• Violent Crimes Control and Law Enforcement Act

9
The Rights of Criminal Defendants

• Rights of Due Process
• 4th Amendment
• Protection from Searches
• 5 Warrantless Searches
• Drug Tests
• 5th Amendment
• Protection from Yourself
• Voluntary Confessions
• Miranda v. Arizona, 1966
• 2000

10
The Rights of Criminal Defendants

• 4th 5th the Exclusionary Rule
• Weeks v. US, 1914
• Illegal Evidence
• Good Faith Exceptions
• 6th Amendment Counsel
• Right to Counsel
• Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963
• Jury Trials
• 6 Month sentence

11
The Rights of Criminal Defendants

• 8th Amendment
• The Death Penalty
• SC Flip Flopping
• Important Cases
• Furman v. GA, 1972
• Gregg v. GA, 1976
• McKleskey v. Kemp, 1987
• McKleskey v. Zant, 1991
• Recent Trends
• Juveniles
• DNA Testing

12
The Right to Privacy

• Not enumerated
• Birth Control
• Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965
• Abortion
• Roe v. Wade, 1973
• Blackmuns Opinion
• Other Cases
• The Hyde Amendments
• Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 1989
• MO Law
• Planned Parenthood of SE PA v. Casey, 1992
• Waiting Periods in MS
• Homosexuality, 1996
• The Right to Die
• General Rules
• Living Wills

13
Civil Rights

• Positive acts by govts to protect against
  arbitrary or discriminatory action by govt or
  individuals.
• Those seeking to equality have used the Const.
  and litigation strategies, among other methods
  such as protest, lobbying, civil disobedience,
  and appeals to public opinion to gain protection
  from the govt.

14
Slavery, Abolition, The Right to Vote, 1800-1900

• Slavery Congress
• Slave Trade Agreement, 1808
• North v. South
• New States?
• MO Compromise, 1820
• Abolitionists The 1st Movement
• Garrison Douglass
• Uncle Toms Cabin, 1850
• Movement For Women
• Seneca Falls, 1848
• E. Caddy Staunton Lucretia Mott
• A Call For Change

15
Slavery, Abolition, The Right to Vote, 1800-1900

• Aftermath of War
• The Emancipation Proclamation
• The Civil War Amendments
• 13th, 14th,15th
• Black Codes Jim Crow
• Natl Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
• 1870, Staunton Susan B. Anthony
• Civil Rights the Courts
• Congresses AAs
• The SC AAs
• Individual Acts of Discrimination
• States AAs

16
The Push for Equality 1890-1954

• The Progressive Era, 1890-1920
• Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
• Separate but Equal
• Founding of the NAACP, 1909
• Niagra Conference, 1908
• W.E.B. du Bois, Jane Addams, Ida Wells
• Womens Groups
• NAWSA, 1890
• Iron Jawed Angels
• 19th Amendment

17
The Civil Rights Movement

• School Desegregation after Brown
• Brown II
• Little Rock, AR 1957
• The New Move for Rights
• SCLC
• Dr. King
• Non-violence
• SNCC
• John Lewis, Marion Berry
• Freedom Rides, Sit-Ins
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Presidential Push
• Advances of 1964
• Voting Rights
• Public Accomodations
• Fed Intervention
• Lawsuits
• Withhold funds
• No Discrim

18
The Civil Rights Movement

• Impact of CRA 1964
• Southern Stance
• SC says
• No de jure segregation
• Employment
• NOW, 1966
• ERA for women
• Problems w/ ERA
• Equal Protection Standards of Review
• Strict Scrutiny
• Korematsu v. US, 1944
• Reed v. Reed, 1971
• Other Violations
• 1 Sex Nursing Schools
• Age Laws
• Alimony Laws
• Jury Challenges
• VMI
• What is constitutional?

19
Other Groups Rights

• Native Americans
• 1924
• Tribal Lands
• Latino/a Americans
• MALDEF PRLDEF
• Increase in Activity
• Gays Lesbians
• Bowers v. Hardwick, 1986
• Disabled Americans
• ADA, 1990
• 1999 Amendment
• Affirmative Actions
• Bakke v. Regents of UC, 1978
• Clear Evidence
• Rehnquists Strict Scrutiny