Chapter 5 Part II

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Chapter 5Part II

• Georgia as Part of a New Country

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Georgia Adopts a New Constitution

• 1785 the capital of Georgia is moved from
  Savannah to Augusta
• 1788-9 delegates met in Augusta to make changes
  to the state constitution
• The state would have a bicameral legislature,
  called the General Assembly members would be
  elected by popular vote and those members would
  select the governor legislators had more power
  than the governor and the judges

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The Louisiana Purchase

• By 1800, hundreds of thousands of Americans were
  pouring into the western territories the Ohio
  and Mississippi Rivers became highways of
  commerce
• It was realized that whoever owned Louisiana
  controlled the destiny of the United States
• 1803 Napoleon of France, needing money to fund
  his wars, sold all of Louisiana to the US for 15
  million
• The purchase doubled the size of the US

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The United States Expands
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War of 1812 Reasons for War

• The British were supplying guns and ammunition to
  Indians on the frontier they were also
  encouraging Indians to attack US settlements
• The US and Britain also disagreed about trade
  Americans wanted the British to stop seizing
  American ships and impressing the sailors
• Anti-British feeling ran strong all through the
  country, except in New England, which wanted to
  restore trade with Britain
• Members of Congress from the South and West that
  wanted war were called War Hawks, they had a
  strong sense of nationalism
• 1811 a brief battle broke out between an
  American frigate and a British warship in NY
  harbor, 32 British were left dead or wounded
• June 1812 President Madison asked Congress for a
  declaration of war

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Chapter 5 Quiz, Part II

• From whom did we buy Louisiana in 1803?
• Members of Congress from the South and West that
  wanted war with Britain were called what?
• What branch of government controlled the state of
  Georgia under the 1789 constitution?
• Who was president during the War of 1812?
• What region of the United States did not want war
  with Britain, because they wanted to restore
  trade?

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War of 1812 Naval Battles

• The US was not ready for war, the navy only had
  16 ships and the army was small and ill equipped
• The British blockaded American ports, the small
  American navy was unable to break the blockade
  however, the American navy was able to win
  several victories
• August 1812 off the coast of Newfoundland, the
  USS Constitution fought the HMS Guerriere and
  captured the ship
• 1813 Battle of Lake Erie Captain Oliver Hazard
  Perry built his own fleet on the lake and was
  able to beat the British Perry declared, We
  have met the enemy and they are ours

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War of 1812 Andrew Jackson

• Invasion of Canada General William Hull moved
  American troops into Canada from Detroit, they
  were defeated by a few untrained soldiers led by
  General Isaac Brock
• Brock paraded his soldiers in red coats to make
  it appear that experienced British were helping
  the Canadians, this exaggeration of numbers led
  Hull to withdraw his troops
• 1814 Andrew Jackson led the Americans to victory
  over the Creek Indians at Horseshoe Bend

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War of 1812 Burning of Washington

• Summer 1814 British ships sailed into Chesapeake
  Bay and landed an invasion force 30 miles from
  Washington the British forces quickly scattered
  American forces and marched on Washington
• Dolly Madison, the first lady, escaped with
  important papers and paintings and fled the
  Executive Mansion
• The British burned the Executive Mansion and
  other important buildings

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War of 1812 Fort McHenry

• From Washington, the British marched north to
  Baltimore the key to Baltimores defense was
  Fort McHenry
• From September 13 until dawn September 14, the
  British shelled the fort
• When the smoke cleared from the fort, the flag
  was still flying
• The defense of Ft. McHenry inspired Francis Scott
  Key to write the Star-Spangled Banner

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War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans

• In late 1814, British forces prepared to attack
  New Orleans
• Using thousands of frontiersmen and citizens of
  New Orleans, Jackson dug trenches to defend
  themselves
• January 8, 1815 the British attacked the
  defensive works time and again more than 2000
  British died, only 7 Americans died
• The Battle of New Orleans won national fame, but
  had no determination in the fate of the war,
  which had been ended 2 weeks before

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War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent

• December 24, 1814 the Treaty of Ghent was signed
  in Belgium, ending the war one of the Americans
  at Ghent, John Quincy Adams, said that nothing
  was adjusted, nothing was settled
• Britain and the US agreed to restore prewar
  conditions the treaty said nothing of the
  impressments of sailors, other issues were
  settled later

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Land Fever in Georgia, Part I

• Georgians in the late 1700s and early 1800s
  developed an appetite for increasing their
  landholdings
• During the colonial period, much of the land east
  of the Oconee River was given to settlers using
  the Headright system each white male counted as
  a head and could receive up to 1000 acres was
  replaced by the land lottery
• For a small fee, any white male 21 or older could
  buy a chance and attempt to win land heads of
  households with children, war veterans, and
  widows were given extra chances
• In 1795, Georgias western boundaries were the
  Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers before there was
  any settlement, 4 land companies bribed members
  of the General Assembly to sell them the land
  when the public found out there were protests,
  members of the Assembly were forced to resign and
  the deals were declared void

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Land Fever in Georgia, Part II

• Those settlers that had bought land from the
  companies were suddenly landless, they sued the
  state for the land and in 1814 the issue was
  finally settled by the federal government
• After Spain renounced its claim to the area, the
  federal government claimed western Georgia
• In 1802, Georgia ceded all land west of the
  Chattahoochee River to the US government

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The Cotton Gin

• 1793 Eli Whitney was staying at Mulberry Grove
  Plantation near Savannah
• A visitor wished aloud for a machine to separate
  cotton fiber from its seed
• After several weeks, Whitney had the machine
  produced before long Whitney built a factory
  with a working cotton gin
• After the cotton gins development, farmers were
  able to separate 50 pounds of cotton a day rather
  than 7 or 8 pounds

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Mechanical Reaper Panic of 1837

• Cyrus McCormick first demonstrated the mechanical
  reaper in Virginia using a mechanical reaper,
  farmers could cut six times more grain in a day
  that with a scythe
• Improved ways of farming helped Georgias
  economy however, a brief boom-period of
  inflation suddenly ended, causing the Panic of
  1837 in which many businesses, farms and banks
  failed

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Transportation

• A major economic development of the early 1800s
  was the development of railroads
• Before railroads, travel was done by, foot,
  horse, stagecoach or by riverboats or ferries
• Many of Georgias roads were old Indian roads
  there were very few highways, which were called
  turnpikes, or toll roads
• Plank road roads in wet, swampy places had logs
  across them

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Life In Georgia

• 1785 the University of Georgia was chartered
• Life on the Georgia Frontier Frontier GA was
  undeveloped land in the central and western parts
  of the state, most of the land had been given
  away in the lottery system trading posts located
  many miles apart were the only stores men were
  known for fighting, hard drinking, and hunting
  women were hardworking and handy with a rifle
  homesteads were often under the threat of
  Indians, Tories and British soldiers
• Life in Georgia Towns Savannah had a theater
  where citizens could see the plays of
  Shakespeare there were newspapers in most major
  towns people joined debating societies, went to
  concerts, or became members of a library society
  they attended dress balls, barbecues and camp
  meetings orphanages cared for children without
  parents, and a hospital for the mentally ill was
  opened in Milledgeville

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Religion in Georgia

• After the Revolution, many ministers loyal to
  England moved back to Britain, still there were
  many members of the Church of England
• Methodist circuit riders (ministers who went from
  district to district) founded churches in the
  frontier
• 1787 the Springfield Baptist Church was founded
  by free blacks 1788 the First African Baptist
  Church was founded in Savannah

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Education

• 1784 the government set aside 20,000 acres of
  land and named trustees to establish a state
  college for Georgia
• 1785 the University of Georgia was chartered as
  a land grant university (a school for which the
  federal government gave public land), UGA is the
  oldest school of its kind in the nation
• In the early schools, boys studied Greek, Latin,
  grammar and math girls were taught the arts and
  music

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Noah Webster

• Noah Webster came from an average colonial family
  in CT
• Graduate from Yale in 1778 and studied law he
  disliked many things about American schools,
  including the crowded one-room school houses, the
  untrained teachers, and the textbooks published
  in Britain
• 1783 Webster wrote the The American Spelling
  Book
• For 27 years, Webster labored on his 70,000 word,
  2-volume dictionary, which was published in 1828

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Crawford Long and Ether

• March 30, 1842 Dr. Crawford Long, a physician in
  Jefferson, used ether as anesthesia for the first
  time during surgery not only did the ether ease
  the patients pain, the patient reported no pain
  at all
• Before the use of ether, patients had two
  choices they could die from not having the
  operation, or they could drink large amounts of
  alcohol to numb their senses

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The End