Group 1 mini case Presentation Due on February 22

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Group 1

• Group 1 mini case Presentation Due on February 22
• Mini case
• Delta, Northwest Airlines, and Vancouver Airport
  The business Value of Customer Self-Service
  Kiosks (87)

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FUTURE of Media

• http//epic.makingithappen.co.uk/

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IT Hardware

• Left The on-board L2 cache.
• Right The Pentium Pro processor core with 5.5
  million transistors.

Source Intel
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Learning Objectives

• Understand the history and evolution of computer
  hardware.
• Outline the major technologies and uses of
  computer peripherals for input, output, and
  storage.
• Identify and give example of the components and
  functions of a computer system.

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Learning Objectives

• 4. Identify the computer systems and peripherals
  you would acquire or recommend for a business of
  your choice, and explain the reasons for your
  selections.

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Microcomputer Systems

• Personal Computer (PC) microcomputer for use by
  an individual
• Desktop fit on an office desk
• Laptop small, portable PC

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Microcomputer Systems

• Workstation a powerful, networked PC for
  business professionals
• Network Server more powerful microcomputers
  that coordinate telecommunications and resource
  sharing in small networks

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Information Appliances

• Hand-held microcomputer devices
• Personal digital assistants (PDA)
• BlackBerry
• Video-game consoles
• Internet enabled cellular phones

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics
of CPUs and RAM
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Motherboard components
bus , chipset, CPU, memory
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Motherboard chipset

• components of the chipset
• memory controller
• I/O controller
• bus controller
• cache controller
• types of chipsets

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Motherboard bus system

• data bus
• address bus
• system/control bus
• expansion slots
• ISA, EISA, VESA,SCSI, PCI, AGP
• How local bus works? PCI vs VESA
• Bus speeds Pentium 4 and AthlonXP

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Whats a BUS?

• A collection of wires through which data is
  transmitted from one part of a computer to
  another.
• A bus connects all the internal computer
  components to the CPU and main memory. There's
  also an expansion bus that enables expansion
  boards to access the CPU and memory
• Every bus has a clock speed measured in MHz

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• All buses consist of two parts -- an address bus
  and a data bus. The data bus transfers actual
  data whereas the address bus transfers
  information about where the data should go.
• The size of a bus, known as its width, is
  determines how much data can be transmitted at
  one time. For example, a 16-bit bus can transmit
  16 bits of data, whereas a 32-bit bus can
  transmit 32 bits of data.

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Semiconductor memory

• Microelectronic semiconductor memory chips
• Used for primary storage
• Advantage
• Small size
• Fast
• Shock and temperature resistance
• Disadvantage
• Volatility must have uninterrupted electric
  power or lose memory

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Two types of semiconductor memory

• RAM random access memory
• Most widely used primary storage medium
• Volatile memory
• Read/write memory
• ROM read only memory
• Permanent storage
• Can be read but cannot be overwritten
• Frequently used programs burnt into chips during
  manufacturing

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Bit and Byte

• Bit (short for binary digit)
• Smallest element of data
• Either zero or one
• Byte
• Group of eight bits which operate as a single
  unit
• Represents one character or number

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Representing characters in bytes
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Computers use binary system to calculate

• Decimal
• Octal
• Binary
• ASCII

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Measuring storage capacities

• Kilobyte (KB) one thousand bytes
• Megabyte (MB) one million bytes
• Gigabyte (GB) one billion bytes
• Terabyte (TB) one trillion bytes
• Petabyte (PB) one quadrillion bytes

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Main Memory

• basic concepts
• memory banks (0,1,2) 64 Meg to 1 Gig
• SIMMs (single in-line memory modules), DIMMS
  (dual in-line memory modules), SDRAM (synchronous
  DRAM)
• SIMMs older, DIMMS old, SDRAM newer PCs
• additional references
• Upgrading memory

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Updating Memory

• RAM is sold in the form of chips contained on
  small circuit boards called memory modules.
• Most PCs have three DIMM sockets on their
  motherboards, and one or two of them are usually
  free. Adding RAM is as simple as plugging in new
  DIMMs

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Disk drives

• Hard-drives
• Overview
• Speed
• Interfaces IDE, SCSI, SATA, IDE vs SCSI
• CD and DVD
• basics CD standard and DVD standards
• xA measurement of CD or DVD drive speed. Each x
  translates to either 153,600 bytes of data per
  second, the data rate of the CD-audio or
  1,250,000 bytes per second, the data rate of the
  DVD-video.
• USB flash drives
• Overview

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Magnetic Disks

• Used for secondary storage
• Fast access and high storage capacity

Source Quantum.
Source Corbis.
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Types of magnetic disks

• Floppy disks
• Magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket
• Hard disk drives
• Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write heads
  in sealed module
• RAID (Redundant arrays of independent disks)
• Disk arrays of interconnected hard disk drives
• Fault tolerant with multiple copies on several
  disks

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Optical Disks
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Uses of optical disks

• Image processing
• Long term storage of historical files of images
• Scan documents and store on optical disks
• Publishing medium for fast access to reference
  materials
• Catalogs, directories, etc.
• Interactive multimedia applications
• Video games, educational videos, etc.

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Disk drive performance

• Fragmentation
• Compression.
• Cache
• Swap file (paging file)

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Fragmentationhttp//www.execsoft.com/fragbook/cha
pter2.htmch2a

• Fragmentation means two things
• File fragmentation
• a condition in which individual files on a disk
  are not contiguous but are broken up in pieces
  scattered around the disk
• Disk Fragmentation
• a condition in which the free space on a disk
  consists of little bits of free space here and
  there rather than only one or a few free spaces.
  

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Compression

• Zip
• Winzip

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Examplehttp//computer.howstuffworks.com/file-co
mpression.htm

• In John F. Kennedy's 1961 inaugural address, he
  delivered this famous line
• "Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask
  what you can do for your country."
• The quote has 17 words, made up of 61 letters, 16
  spaces, one dash and one period. If each letter,
  space or punctuation mark takes up one unit of
  memory, we get a total file size of 79 units. To
  get the file size down, we need to look for
  redundancies.

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"Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask
what you can do for your country."

• "ask" appears two times
• "what" appears two times
• "your" appears two times
• "country" appears two times
• "can" appears two times
• "do" appears two times
• "for" appears two times
• "you" appears two times our dictionary

Our sentence now reads
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"Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask
what you can do for your country."

• full phrase takes up 79 units.
• Our compressed sentence (including spaces) takes
  up 37 units, and the dictionary (words and
  numbers) also takes up 37 units. This gives us a
  file size of 74, so we haven't reduced the file
  size by very much.

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Others

• graphics cards
• monitors resolution, size, analog vs. digital
• printers ink, laser, color, speed.
• Modems phone lines, cable and DSL
• scanners
• digital cameras

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceConnecting
Devices

• Connecting devices enable your hardware to
  communicate with each other.
• Busses system and expansion.
• Expansion slots and cards.
• Ports and connectors USB, serial, parallel, and
  IrDA

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceConnecting
Devices
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Hardware Your Physical Interface
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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceConnecting
Devices

• Popular connectors include
• USB (universal serial bus) the most popular
  means of connecting devices to a computer.
• Serial connector usually has 9 holes but may
  have 25, which fit into the corresponding number
  of pins in the port.
• Parallel connector has 25 pins, which fit into
  the corresponding holes in the port.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceConnecting
Devices
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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceConnecting
Devices

• IrDA (infrared data association) ports are for
  wireless devices that work in essentially the
  same way as the remote control on your TV does.

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Radio Frequency Identification

• RFID
• Tag and identify mobile objects
• E.g., store merchandise, postal packages, pets
• Use RFID chips to transmit and receive radio
  signals
• Chips half the size of a grain of sand
• Passive chips
• do not have power source and derive power from
  signal in reader
• Active chips
• Self-powered

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RFID versus bar codes

• RFID
• Scan from greater distance
• Can store data
• Allows more information to be tracked
• Privacy concerns due to invisible nature
• RFID Controversy
• Most concerns revolve around the fact that RFID
  tags affixed to products remain functional even
  after the products have been purchased and taken
  home and thus can be used for surveillance and
  other purposes unrelated to their supply chain
  inventory functions

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• CASE 1/p 71

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Case 1/p71

• What are some of the benefits that organizations
  could realize by connecting all of their
  employees by mobile devices?
• Possible benefits could include
• Mobile sale forces could do product
  demonstrations, check inventory and place orders
  online while at the customer location.
• Reduction of the time needed to locate other
  employees, especially when they are off-site.
• Keep employees abreast of any important news when
  away on travel (conferences, meetings,
  presentations).
• Increased available productive time, as constant
  connectivity allows for activities to be
  performed anytime anyplace.

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Are the CIOs in the case saying that ROI is not
important when deploying mobile computing
devices?

• Not necessarily. ROI is always a consideration
  companies have when making any investment. In
  this particular case however, the estimated
  benefits obtained by the adoption of these
  communication devices are large enough that
  outweigh cost considerations and thus displace
  formal ROI analyses and concerns.

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Part 3

• Possible reasons could include
• Single and integrated device for voice and data
  communications
• Push technology data is routed to the user
  rather than retrieved by him/her
• Operates in several different networks and
  countries
• It is possible to view email attachments
• Design features high-resolution color display,
  long battery life, improved keyboard, etc.
• Integrated connectivity applications (SMS,
  browser, organizer)

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• Can Computers Think Like People?

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Additional Readings

• www2.una.edu/compcenter/csglossary.htmwww.beginne
  rspc.com
• http//computer.howstuffworks.com/