PERU: Country Report Technology Needs Assessments

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PERU Country ReportTechnology Needs Assessments
National Council of Science and Technology

• Dr. Eduardo Torres
• CONCYTEC - PERÚ

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PERÚ A country on the move

• Peru is a beautiful country located in South
  America, and is an APEC economy member since
  1998.
• Its population is about 26 million, distributed
  in 1285,000 sq. km. of territory.
• Peru is crossed over by Andes Mountain Range,
  dividing the country in 3 principal regions a
  desertical coast, a mountainous highland and the
  Amazon rainforest. Thanks to this particular
  geography, Peru has more than 84 ecological
  levels from a total of 103 existing in the world.

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Identification of Technology Needs for Economical
Development and Green-House Effect Gases
Mitigation and Air Pollution

• This information was compiled by The National
  Environment Council (CONAM) with the
  participation of multidisciplinary national
  consultants. This estimation summarizes our
  national technological needs which at the same
  time could have a sound-effect in the mitigation
  of green-house effect emissions (GHE) and could
  reduce countries vulnerability against climatic
  change.

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Expenses in Research and Development
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Sectors that should implement projects for
technology transfer

• Agriculture
• Food Industrie and agricultural industries
• Tourism
• Energy
• Biodiversity
• Biotechnology
• Infrastructure
• Public Health
• Government will promote public and private
  participation

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Perú exportation projections2000-2025
In 2025, Peru will export approximately 33 518
USD millions (Acummulated growth of 3,9 times in
respect to 2000 year). Emissions will increase
2,6 times between 1994-2025 (from 98 899.3 Gg
tons to 259 109.9 Gg tons of CO2 equivalents. In
the Energy Sector, emissions will increase more
than 3 times and the Non-energetic Sector in 2,5
times.
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GEI emissions increment in CO2 equivalent (Gg)

• Energy sector
• Fuel Consumption will increase 3.4 times (From
  22.25 in 1994 to 29 in 2025)
• Industrial processes From 10 in 1994 to 19 in
  2025
• Non-energetic sector
• Change of land use and silviculture in 1994 the
  emissions were 41 of total emissions in 2025
  will represent a loss of 14 of the total
  forestry surface.

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Technological OptionsReliable Energy Commercial
Reserves1997
Perú has large energetical reserves 467 FET
(Fuel Equivalent Tons), 65 from natural gas
and hydroenergy
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Primary Energy Production (1998)
Perú just produces about 13 FET millions
concentrating its present explotation in oil
production and biomass. Hydroenergy in lower
proportions.
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Possible sequence of energetical options
implementation
Natural Gas
Fuel-cells
Solar
Hidroelectric
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Technologies for electricity generation
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TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS Natural Gas
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Fuel Cells as Energy Generators
Circuit
Anode   H2 Source
Catode Air is taken And oxygen captured
Polimeric membrane
H
H
Principle Hydrogen is chemically secuestred from
different sources ( Air, Fuel,Gas, etc.) then the
O2 separates in a proton and electron. The proton
migrates to the catode and the electron to the
anode genrating electric energy. It is anon
-combustion process.
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Microturbines
Fuel Flow
Air
Gases Output
Force Digital Control
Fuel system
Microturbine
Electrical Output
Communications
User Interface
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Biodigestors
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Small Hydroelectrical Systems
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Biofuels
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Solar Energy
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Oceanic Energy
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Geothermical Energy
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Eolic Energy
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Transportation
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Agriculture and Agroforestry
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Metodological Aspects in technological needs
identification process
National needs
Generation of priorized criteria Conciliation
Own adapted criteria
Proper cualitative criteria ?
Technology offer (multisectorial matrix
Barrier identification
Technical Commercial profiles
Proper quantitative criteria
NO
Technological options / Recommendations
YES
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Technology vs.Sound Effects

• Horizontal expenses reduction in Transportation,
  Communications and energy
• Agriculture, Cattle, Acuiculture and Forestry
  activities expenses reduction

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Competitive Advantage Production and Technologies
Prospection in added value generation

• Selected Technologies must offer added value to
  the production and quality life national
  standards

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Generation of Added-value
Selected technologies must offer added-value to
national production and quality life national
standards
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Technological Offer vs. Actual Needs

• In the practice any recommendation of technology
  transfer must be supported by actions as
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• Neck-bottle elimination
• Information development and competences both
  technic and commercial which could induce
  development and adaptability of technological
  options
• Know-how transference, habilities and development
  of local capacities for use and proportional
  tranfer technology adaptation and service.

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Priority Criteria

• National needs identification
• Priority quantitative and qualitative criteria
• Multisectorial matrix of technological options
• Profile group generation in different
  technological options
• Recommendation generation for technological
  implementation in proposed sector (Energy,
  Transportation Agroforestry)

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Capacitation Needs Evaluation for Technology
Transfer
 
 
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Impact of Technology Needs over Economical
Development and GHG emissions

• Until 2025 a rate between 6 to 7 of national
  Internal Rough Product (PBI) increase is expected
• Social and economical development
• GHG emissions decrease
• Impulse of technology in the 3 areas proposed
  Energy generation, Transportation,
  Agroforestation and pastures.

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Action plan

• Constitution of Consultant Group for Technology
  Transfer
• Promote and defense of a Regional or sub-regional
  Centre for Technology transfer sited in Perú as
  well as a Capacitation Centre.
• More effective measurements to allow technology
  transfer from industrialized countries to less
  developed countries and a improvement in
  financing programs and projects.
• To coordinateTechnology Transfer policies
  portfolio of developed countries so there will a
  real agreements implementation.
• To facilitate technology transfer reducing
  royalties costs and patent use in under
  developed countries using instead colective
  negotiations and alternatives incentives proposed
  by multinational insitutions.
• To create a special financial support project to
  strengthen internal capacities in research,
  development, innovaation and training.

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION