Toddler and Preschool Nutrition

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Toddler and Preschool Nutrition

• Ch 10 Brown

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Definitions

• Toddler Between 1 and 3 years
• Pre-schooler between 3 and 5 years
• Tracking Toddler and and Preschool Growth
• 2000 CDC Growth Charts
• Recumbant Length lt 24 months over 24 months,
  stand unassisted two person job
• Stature Standing Height
• Weight standing

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Appetite and Food Intake Development

• Interest in food varies slowing growth, growth
  spurts
• Feeding Abilities Improve
• Use of fork and spoon, cutting and spreading with
  a knife needs some refinement
• Eating becomes a less messy operation as moves
  toward preschool status

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Food Preferences, Appetite, and Satiety

• Unlearned prefer sweet and slightly salty
  Reject sour and bitter
• Children tend to be wary of new foods
• Feeding should be in a secure setting
• Serve appropriate child-sized portions
• Dont attach contingencies to eating
• Dont force to eat
• Long term goal of developing healthy
  self-controls in eating

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Common Problems

• Fe Deficiency Anemia Common in Preschoolers. Dx
  Hct lt 32.9 Hb lt11.0 g/dl
• Prevention CDC Recommendation 1 to 5 yo no more
  than 24 ounces of milk. Larger intakes may
  displace iron rich foods
• Intervention Supplement with iron drops at 3
  mg/kg body weight per day.

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Case Study 10.1

• Making Meal Time Pleasant

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Common Problems

• Dental Caries
• Prevention Flouride in water or supplement
• 1 ppm
• Sliding scale on drops p253 Brown

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Overweight and Obesity

• About 22 under 5 are overweight based on 85
  tile cut-off point.
• Adiposity Rebound Lowest BMI at 4 to 6 years of
  age then gradual increase
• If this increases early, increases risk of
  adulthood obesity
• Annual increase of BMI of 3 to 4 units may put
  that person at increased risk

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Obesity

• Prevention is the best approach
• Increasing activity
• Offering Nutrient Dense foods
• Never Using Food as a Reward
• Never withhold food as punishment

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Cardiovascular Disease

• Children over 2 years of age National
  Cholesterol Ed Program Step 1 Diet
• Less than 10 Sat Fat Calories
• Fat less than 30
• Less than 300 mg/d Cholesterol

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Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

• Wide Variety of Foods in Diet No need for
  Vitamin/Mineral Supplements
• Who may need?
• Children from deprived families
• Children with anorexia
• Children who consume a fad diet
• Children who consume a vegetarian diet without
  dairy products.

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Food Guide Pyramid for Young Children

• http//www.usda.gov/cnpp/KidsPyra/
• www.mypyramid.gov

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Nutrition Intervention for Risk-Reduction Model
Program

• Bright Futures Purpose of Program To foster
  trusting relationships between the child, health
  professional, the family, and the community to
  promote optimal health for the child.
• http//brightfutures.aap.org/web/aboutBrightFuture
  s.asp

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Bright Futures

• Nutrition is based on
• Nutrition must be integrated into the lives of
  infants, children, adolescents, and families
• Good Nutrition requires balance
• An element of joy enhances nutrition, health, and
  well-being

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Health Habits for Healthy Kids

• A nutrition and Activity Guide for Healthy Kids
  By the American Dietetic Association
• See CD and Handout
• http//www.wellpoint.com/healthy_parenting/index.h
  tml Take an assessment quiz

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Public food and Nutrition Programs

• WIC Children to age 5 at risk and 185 of
  poverty or less.
• Nutrition Risk
• Medical or dietary based condition such as
• Fe def anemia
• Underwt
• Overwt
• Chronic illness such as cystic fibrosis
• Given vouchers for food such as milk, juice,
  eggs, cheese, pnut butter, and forified cereals.

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WIC Farmers Market

• Seasonal Program for WIC participants.
• Vouchers provided for locally grown foods

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Head Start and Early Head Start

• US Dept of Health and Human Services
• http//www.headstartinfo.org/
• Comprehensive child development programs serving
  children from
• birth to 5
• Pregnant women
• And their families
• 1 million children participate
• Nutrition services are part of provision

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Food Stamps

• USDA Administered
• http//209.48.219.47/fns/ Tool to determine if a
  person qualifies for food stamps
• Designed for low income adults to buy food
• Average monthly benefit per person was 71 in
  1998
• Is now progressing from stamps to electronic cards