APS

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• APS
• Division of Plasma Physics
• Presentation
• Philadelphia
• November 1, 2006

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Committee

• Norman Augustine (chair)
• Craig Barrett
• Gail Cassell
• Steven Chu
• Robert Gates
• Nancy Grasmick
• Charles Holliday
• Shirley Ann Jackson
• Anita Jones
• Joshua Lederberg

• Richard Levin
• Dan Mote
• Cherry Murray
• Peter ODonnell
• Lee Raymond
• Robert Richardson
• Roy Vagelos
• Charles Vest
• George Whitesides
• Richard Zare

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Charge to the Committee

• Bipartisan request from House and Senate
• Identify top actions federal policy makers could
  take so US can successfully compete, prosper, and
  be secure in the global economy of the 21st
  century
• Determine an implementation strategy with several
  concrete steps for each action

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Some Context

• Growing concern about the U.S. economy
• Globalization
• Out-sourcing off-shoring
• Rapid rise of other nations

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Some Indicators

• The United States is today a net importer of
  high-technology products. Its trade balance in
  high-technology manufactured goods shifted from
  plus 54 billion in 1990 to negative 50 billion
  in 2001.
• Chemical companies closed 70 facilities in the
  United States in 2004 and tagged 40 more for
  shutdown. Of 120 chemical plants being built
  around the world with price tags of 1 billion or
  more, one is in the United States and 50 are in
  China.
• In 2005, only four American companies ranked
  among the top 10 corporate recipients of patents
  granted by the US Patent and Trademark Office.

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• Fewer than one-third of US 4th grade and 8th
  grade students performed at or above a level
  called proficient in mathematics proficiency
  was considered the ability to exhibit competence
  with challenging subject matter. About one-third
  of the 4th graders and one-fifth of the 8th
  graders lacked the competence to perform even
  basic mathematical computations.
• US 15-year-olds ranked 24th out of 40 countries
  that participated in 2003 administration of the
  Program for International Student Assessment
  (PISA) examination, which assessed students
  ability to apply mathematical concepts to
  real-world problems.

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• In South Korea, 38 of all undergraduates receive
  their degrees in science or engineering. In
  France, the figure is 47, in China, 50, and in
  Singapore 67. In the United States, the
  corresponding figure is 15.
• Some 34 percent of doctoral degrees in natural
  sciences and 56 of engineering PhDs in the
  United States are awarded to foreign-born
  students.
• Federal funding of research in the physical
  sciences, as a percentage of GDP, was 45 less in
  FY 2004 than in FY 1976.

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Findings of the Report

• Concern that the ST building blocks critical to
  economic leadership are eroding when many other
  nations are gathering strength.
• Death of Distance -- skilled labor with a
  strong drive to succeed is just a mouse-click
  away in growing and globalized economies.
• Worldwide strengthening is good, but will the
  United States be able to compete when great minds
  and ideas exist elsewhere at a lower cost?
• If we do not have high-quality jobs, then we do
  not have means for a high standard of living.
• Concern about abruptness with which lead can be
  lost.

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Two Key Challenges

• Creation of high-quality jobs for all
  Americansnot just scientists and engineers
• Response to nations need for clean, affordable,
  and reliable energy

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Conclusions

• Actions needed not only by federal government,
  but state and local levels, and each American
  family
• Need to avoid complacency in assumption US will
  remain competitive and preeminent in science and
  technology
• World is changing and the US needs to take action
  to renew nations commitment in education,
  research, and innovation policies so our children
  will have jobs

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How to Compete?

• Optimize knowledge-based resources, particularly
  in science and technology.
• Sustain most fertile environments for new and
  revitalized industries and the well-paying jobs
  they bring.

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Four Recommendations and Twenty Implementation
Actions
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Recommendations

• K-12 Science and Mathematics Education
• Sowing the Seeds Through Science and Engineering
  Research
• Best and Brightest in Science and Engineering
  Higher Education
• Incentives for Innovation

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Ten Thousand Teachers, Ten Million Minds

• Recruit 10,000 teachers, educate 10 million
  minds Attract bright students through
  competitive 4-year merit-based scholarships for
  BS in sciences, engineering, or math with
  concurrent K-12 science math teacher
  certification in exchange for 5 years public
  service teaching in K-12 public schools
• Strengthen 250,000 current teachers skills
  Summer institutes, Masters degrees, AP/IB
  (Advanced Placement/International Baccalaureate)
  training
• Enlarge the Pipeline
  Create opportunities and
  financial incentives for pre-AP/IB and AP/IB
  science math courses

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Sowing the Seeds

• Increase federal investment in long-term basic
  research--10/year over next 7 years focusing on
  physical sciences, engineering, mathematics,
  information sciences and DOD basic research
  funding.
• Provide early-career researcher grants200 grants
  at 100,000/year over 5 years to outstanding
  researchers.
• National Coordination Office for Advanced
  Research Instrumentation and Facilities--500
  million/year over 5 years.
• Catalyze high-risk, high-payoff researchAllocate
  8 of federal research agency budgets to
  technical program managers for discretionary
  purposes.
• Institute a Presidential Innovation
  AwardRecognize those who develop unique
  scientific and engineering innovations in the
  national interest.
• Advanced Research Projects Agency-EnergyModeled
  on DARPA, ARPA-E would focus on creative,
  out-of-the-box, transformational energy research.

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Best and Brightest

• Increase US citizens earning science,
  engineering, and math degrees
• 25,000 new 4-year undergraduate scholarships per
  year
• 5,000 new portable graduate fellowships per year
• Encourage continuing education of current
  scientists and engineers Federal tax credits to
  employers
• International students and scholars
• Less complex visa processing and extensions
• New PhDs in SE 1-year automatic extension and
  (if offered a job) automatic work permit and
  expedited residency status
• Skills-based, preferential immigration points
  system to prioritize access to US citizenship
• Reform "deemed exports" policy Allow access to
  information and research equipment in
  non-national security fields

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Incentives for Innovation

• Enhance IP protection for global economy, while
  allowing research
• Sufficient resources for Patent and Trademark
  Office
• Institute first-inventor-to-file" system and
  administrative review after patent granted
• Shield research uses of patented inventions from
  infringement liability
• Review IP laws that impact industries differently
• Increase research experimentation tax credit
  from 20 to 40 of qualifying increase
• Provide financial incentives so US is competitive
  for long-term innovation-related investment
• Affordable broadband access

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White House

• President's 2006 State of the Union speech and
  the FY2007 Budget
• American Competitiveness Initiative
• AP/IB
• Research Funding for NSF, NIST, and DOE Office
  of Science
• RD Tax Credit
• Advanced Energy Initiative
• Research funding portion of ACI passed House and
  Senate Appropriations
• Some education program funding approved by House
  Appropriations (AP/IB, teacher training)

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Appropriations(As of Oct 2006)
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U.S. Senate

• Protecting Americas Competitive Edge (Senators
  Domenici, Alexander, Bingaman, Mikulski)
  PACE-Energy (S.2197) PACE-Education (S.2198)
  PACE-Finance (S.2199)
• 70 cosponsors (35 Democrats/35 Republicans)
• National Innovation Act (S.2109) (based on
  Council on Competitiveness Innovate America
  report)
• Advanced Research Projects Energy (ARPA-E) Act
  (S.2196)
• Right "TRACK" Act (S.2357)
• Energy Competitiveness Act (S.2398)
• Research Competitiveness Act (S.2720)
• American Innovation and Competitiveness Act of
  2006 (S.2802)
• National Competitiveness Investment Act (S. 3936)
• --Merger of PACE and National Innovation
  Act/American Innovation and Competitiveness Act
• --39 cosponsors (20 Republicans/19 Democrats)

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House of Representatives

• 10,000 Teachers, 10 Million Minds Science and
  Math Scholarship Act ( H.R. 4434)
• Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy
  (ARPA-E) Act (H.R. 4435)
• Sowing the Seeds Through Science and Engineering
  Research Act (H.R. 4596)
• Innovation and Competitiveness Act (H.R. 4845)
• Accelerating the Creation of Teachers of
  Influence for Our Nation Act (H.R. 5141)
• National Science Foundation Scholars Program Act
  (H.R. 5152)
• Science and Mathematics Education for
  Competitiveness Act (H.R. 5358)
• Research for Competitiveness Act (H.R. 5356)

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Convocation on Rising Above the Gathering Storm
Energizing and Employing Regions, States, and
Cities for a Brighter Economic Future September
28, 2006
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Purposes of the Convocation

• Convene leadership of industry, government,
  research, and education community from all 50
  states and the federal government.
• Share knowledge and encourage leadership of
  initiatives at the state and local level to
  strengthen US competitiveness.
• Discuss current national proposals to respond to
  the nations competitiveness challenge and their
  implications for states, localities, and regions.

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Participants in the Convocation

• From all 50 states
• 850 participants in person in Washington
• Another 500 participants via video and web
  connections in California, North Carolina,
  Pennsylvania and elsewhere
• From state/local governments, industry,
  foundations, universities, and the K-12 education
  community

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State Action Items in K-12 STEM Education

• Educate the American public about the need to
  improve STEM education in Americas schools.
• Coordinate science, technology, engineering, and
  mathematics (STEM) education reform efforts with
  state legislatures and Departments of Education
  to get real changes in STEM curriculum.
• Attach to the US Senate bill a statement
  encouraging states to form coalitions to improve
  STEM education.
• Design systems approach to integrate STEM
  education from pre-K to college. This means
  addressing key variables, such as teacher
  professional development, teacher education,
  salaries, support in the classroom, after-school
  programs, distance learning, and parent/community
  education.

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More STEM K-12 State and Local Actions

• Encourage underrepresented groups to go into
  teaching.
• Create systematic collaboration between
  universities and K-12 schools in their regions on
  curriculum development and teacher preparation.
• Establish a state mechanism/clearinghouse to
  facilitate the involvement of the enormous pool
  of the states scientists and engineers in K-12
  education, with special focus on those scientists
  who have retired or will be retiring in the next
  few years.
• Develop a streamlined accreditation process that
  would enable these retirees to become middle
  school and high school teachers.

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More K-12 STEM Activities

• Work with science centers and museums to
  coordinate their programs with state STEM
  curriculum.
• Encourage partnerships with local companies to
  enable technical staff scientists and engineers
  to become actively involved as volunteers in
  local schools in STEM subjects.
• Establish a Teacher Advisory Council of Math
  Science teachers, collaborating with a
  stakeholder organization to develop goals and
  actions.
• Organize a K-12 state-wide symposium and use role
  models to excite elementary and middle school
  students to engage women/minorities.
• Discuss what science, engineering, and
  mathematics courses should look like.

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State Action Items in Higher Education

• Establish in-state scholarship programs for high
  school graduates in STEM.
• Address issue of large undergraduate debts in
  discouraging underrepresented groups in STEM
  fields from continuing with graduate studies.
• Tailor science, engineering, and mathematics
  courses for state needs.
• Work in partnership with K-12 school systems on
  K-12 STEM topics described in previous slides.

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State Action Items in Research

• Initiate a major, state-wide awards program, to
  reward success in research and in STEM education,
  to create role models for science/ engineering
  students. Awards should be for research
  accomplishment at all levels from undergraduate
  student, graduate student, postdoctoral fellow,
  junior faculty/researcher, senior
  faculty/researcher.
• Develop strategies and a structure that will
  ensure greater collaboration and synergy among
  research universities, government labs, and the
  tech business sector.

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State Action Items in Innovation

• Establish a statewide ST authority.
• Conduct an assessment of states strengths and
  weaknesses in the development and
  commercialization of intellectual property,
  benchmarked against the best performing states.
• Appoint a high level group, possibly under the
  auspices of the Governor, to identify areas where
  a state has the potential to build national and
  world leadership positions.
• Set up state-based competitively-awarded funds
  for universities to support transfer of
  technology to early stage start-ups.

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State Action Items in Communications

• Involve governors and legislators ask the
  governor to convene a meeting of leaders from all
  sectors.
• Go back to state/region and learn what is already
  happening. Ask governors, mayors, etc. Have you
  read the Rising Above the Gathering Storm
  report?
• Identify best practices to educate state
  legislators about the value of graduate
  education. Increase awareness of the importance
  of grad education.
• Educate the public and measure public opinion via
  literature, campaigns, town hall meetings.
• Create awareness/urgency among the public,
  including parents via media and internet
  activities.
• Fund rotating science exhibits at local shopping
  malls.

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Other State Action Items Identified by
Participants

• Work with the National Governors Association on
  their innovation initiative. Inform and work
  with regional governors associations (such as
  the Western Governors Association).
• States should work together to establish joint
  funding, best practices, and joint projects that
  would benefit all states.
• Post best practices on the web, but also remember
  that one size does not fit all.
• Mobilize association members and establish alert
  networks
• Hold state specific meetings on the Gathering
  Storm report.

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Future National Academies Activities

• Video of meeting presentations at
  www.nationalacademies.org/gatheringstorm
• List of action items, by State, identified by
  convocation participants, will be posted.
• Brief summary of convocation discussions.
• Follow-up in 6 months and 1 year later to monitor
  impact on state and local actions.

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For more informationwww.nationalacademies.org/g
atheringstorm PDF of executive summary and
full report can be downloaded at no cost
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