SNePS 3 for Ontologies

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SNePS 3 for Ontologies

• Stuart C. Shapiro
• Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
• and Center for Cognitive Science
• University at Buffalo, The State University of
  New York
• 201 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-2000
• shapiro_at_cse.buffalo.edu
• http//www.cse.buffalo.edu/shapiro/

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What Is SNePS?

• A logic-based
• And network-based
• KRR system
• To support NL understanding generation
• And commonsense reasoning
• Including ontological reasoning.

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Logic-Based

• As expressive as higher-order logic
• Broad set of logical rules of inference.

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Network-Based

• Efficient, path-based reasoning
• Restricted set of logical rules of inference
• Useful for ontological reasoning.

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SNePS 2

• Implemented
• Long history of use.

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Ontological Reasoning in SNePS 2

• DisjointSubclass(Urochordate, Cephalachordate,
  Vertebrate, Chordate)!
• DisjointSubclass(Mammal, Bird, Fish,
  Vertebrate)!
• DisjointSubclass(Dog, Cat, Mammal)!
• all(x)(Subclass(x, Vertebrate) ltgt Have(x,
  spine)).
• Subclass(Dog, Chordate)?
• Subclass(Dog,Chordate)
• Subclass(Cat, Cephalachordate)?
• Subclass(Cat,Cephalachordate)
• Have(Dog, spine)?
• Have(Dog,spine)
• Have(Cephalachordate, spine)?
• Have(Cephalachordate,spine)

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SNePS 3

• Partially implemented
• In development.

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Basic Ideas of SNePS 3

• Arbitrary Terms
• (any x R(x))
• Indefinite Terms
• (some x (y1 yn) R(x))
• Type checking of arguments

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Ontology in SNePS 3

• Isa((any Arb1 Isa(Arb1, Urochordate)), (any
  Arb2 Isa(Arb2, Cephalachordate)), (any Arb3
  Isa(Arb3, Vertebrate)), Chordate)
• Isa((any Arb5 Isa(Arb5, Mammal)), (any Arb6
  Isa(Arb6, Bird)), (any Arb7 Isa(Arb7,
  Fish)), Vertebrate)
• Isa((any Arb8 Isa(Arb8, Dog)), (any Arb9
  Isa(Arb9, Cat)), (any Arb10 Isa(Arb10,
  Monkey)), (any Arb11 Isa(Arb11, Ape)), Mammal)
• Isa((any Arb12 Isa(Arb12, Gorilla)), (any Arb13
  Isa(Arb13, Chimp)), (any Arb14 Isa(Arb14,
  Orangutan)), Ape)
• Isa(J Fred, Chimp)
• Property((any Arb3 Isa(Arb3, Vertebrate)), furry)

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Inferences

• Isa((any Arb8 Isa(Arb8, Dog)), Chordate)
• Property((any Arb13 Isa(Arb13, Chimp)),
  furry)
• Isa(J Fred, Chordate)
• Property(J Fred, furry)

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Collaboration Ad

• Looking to collaborate with content providers
• Or research on design of ontologies

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More Information on SNePSandThe SNePS Research
Group

• http//www.cse.buffalo.edu/sneps/