What is Digital Curation What is Digital Preservation

1
What is Digital Curation? What is Digital
Preservation?

• Academic Library Association of Ohio, Oct. 25,
  2007Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati

2

• What is Digital Preservation?

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
3

• What is Digital Preservation?

digitizing rare and fragile analog materials
Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
4

• What is Digital Preservation?

Digitizing rare and fragile analog materials
Acquiring and preserving born-digital objects
LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe)
The Internet Archive http//www.archive.org/index
.php
Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
5

• What is Digital Preservation?

Digitizing rare and fragile analog materials
Acquiring and preserving born-digital objects
LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe)
The Internet Archive http//www.archive.org/index
.php
Preserving, over extended time, the integrity and
sustainability of the digital environment itself
Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
6

• 2002 - Open Archival Information System (OAIS)
  Reference Model

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
7

• 2002 - Open Archival Information System (OAIS)
  Reference Model

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
8

• 2002 - RLG OCLC Trusted Digital Repositories
  Attributes and Responsibilities Recommendation
  Develop a framework and process to support the
  certification of digital repositories
• http//www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/trustedr
  ep/repositories.pdf
• 2003 NSF LC It's About Time Research
  Challenges in Digital Archiving and Long-term
  Preservation.
• http//www.digitalpreservation.gov/library/pdf/NSF
  .pdf
• 2005 RLG NARA Audit Checklist for
  Certifying Digital Repositories
• http//web.archive.org/web/20070615110732/http//w
  ww.rlg.org/en/pdfs/rlgnara-repositorieschecklist.p
  df

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
9

• From the Audit Checklist

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
10

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
11

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
12

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
13

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
14

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
15

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
16

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
17

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
18

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
19

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
20

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
21

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
22

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
23

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
24

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
25

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  (Document, document!)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
26

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  (Document, document!)
• B3.9. Repository has mechanisms in place for
  monitoring and notification when format (or other
  representation information) obsolescence is
  near/or are no longer viable.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
27

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  (Document, document!)
• B3.9. Repository has mechanisms in place for
  monitoring and notification when format (or other
  representation information) obsolescence is
  near/or are no longer viable. (But, format
  obsolescence notification is still in
  development)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
28

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  (Document, document!)
• B3.9. Repository has mechanisms in place for
  monitoring and notification when format (or other
  representation information) obsolescence is
  near/or are no longer viable. (But, format
  obsolescence notification is still in
  development)
• B3.10. Repository has mechanisms to change its
  preservation plans as a result of its monitoring
  activities.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
29

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  (Document, document!)
• B3.9. Repository has mechanisms in place for
  monitoring and notification when format (or other
  representation information) obsolescence is
  near/or are no longer viable. (But, format
  obsolescence notification is still in
  development)
• B3.10. Repository has mechanisms to change its
  preservation plans as a result of its monitoring
  activities. (Recognition that this field is
  still developing and methods will change)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
30

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  (Document, document!)
• B3.9. Repository has mechanisms in place for
  monitoring and notification when format (or other
  representation information) obsolescence is
  near/or are no longer viable. (But, format
  obsolescence notification is still in
  development)
• B3.10. Repository has mechanisms to change its
  preservation plans as a result of its monitoring
  activities. (Recognition that this field is
  still developing and methods will change)
• B3.11. Repository can provide evidence of the
  success of its preservation planning.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
31

• From the Audit Checklist
• B3.1. Repository has documented preservation
  strategies. (Have a plan)
• B3.2. Repository implements/responds to
  strategies for AIP storage and migration. (Have
  a plan)
• B3.3 Repository uses appropriate international
  representation information including format
  registries (But, format registries are still in
  development)
• B3.4. Repository records/registers representation
  information including formats ingested (But,
  format registries are still in development)
• B3.5. Repository preserves the content
  information of AIPs. (Yes, thats the goal!)
• B3.6 Repository acquires Preservation Description
  Information for its associated content
  information. (Now were talking)
• B3.7. Repository actively monitors AIP integrity.
  (Standards and systems will change, so well
  have to do it again.)
• B3.8. Repository has contemporaneous records of
  actions taken associated with ingest and archival
  storage processes and those administration
  processes which are relevant to the preservation.
  (Document, document!)
• B3.9. Repository has mechanisms in place for
  monitoring and notification when format (or other
  representation information) obsolescence is
  near/or are no longer viable. (But, format
  obsolescence notification is still in
  development)
• B3.10. Repository has mechanisms to change its
  preservation plans as a result of its monitoring
  activities. (Recognition that this field is
  still developing and methods will change)
• B3.11. Repository can provide evidence of the
  success of its preservation planning. (Only time
  will tell)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
32

• 2005- OCLC RLG Preservation Metadata Working
  Group publishes PREMIS (Preservation Metadata
  Implementation Strategies)
• http//www.oclc.org/research/projects/pmwg/
  
• 2004/2005 LC NDIPP (National Digital Information
  Infrastructure and Preservation Program) research
  awards http//www.digitalpreservation.gov/
• 2005 NARA Electronic Records Archives project
  awarded to Lockheed
• First deliverables in 2007? http//www.archives.go
  v/press/press-releases/2005/nr05-112.html

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
33

• 2006 - NARA Research Prototype Persistent
  Archive -- Building Preservation Environments
  with Data Grid Technology (San Diego
  Supercomputer Center) http//www.archives.gov/era/
  pdf/2006-saa-moore.pdf
• 2006 - Harvard University Library OCLC enter
  into an agreement to complete the Global Digital
  Format Registry https//collaborate.oclc.org/wiki/
  gdfr/oclc.html
• 2006 - Library and Archives Canada criticizes
  lack of coordination between LC NARA and lack
  of a national digital information strategy
  http//www.collectionscanada.ca/cdis/012033-800-e.
  html

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
34

• Commonly held prognosis Change has rendered
  obsolete formats and systems in use mere years
  ago. If we dont solve this puzzle we could be
  able to read the written word from the previous
  millennia, but unable to access digital
  information created only a decade ago.
• Counter-View Chris Rusbridge. "Excuse Me...
  Some Digital Preservation Fallacies? Ariadne,
  Issue 46, February 2006. http//www.ariadne.ac.uk/
  issue46/rusbridge/

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
35

• Library Automation

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
36

• Library Automation
• Online Access

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
37

• Library Automation
• Online Access
• Digital Curation (often used in the
  same sentence as Digital Preservation)

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
38

• Conclusions
• Usability and sustainability are as important as
  content when curating digital objects.
• Preservation needs to be not only collaborative,
  but also on going, as every digital object may
  need to be re-preserved when parameters of the
  technical environment change.
• Whereas once practitioners were satisfied simply
  with multiple backups in multiple locations, now
  we may strive to achieve multiple redundant
  repositories for storing digital objects, with
  some systems dedicated solely to preservation and
  without a public interface, some systems
  dedicated solely to become digital object
  registries, and others dedicated as solely format
  registries.
• A multiplicity of evolving, sometimes
  conflicting, standards challenge the practitioner
  responsible for metadata and structure.

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007
39

• David Lewis, Dean of the IUPUI University
  Library I am prepared to predict that in the
  next 20 years only 25 to 40 of a libraries
  resources will go into purchasing collections and
  40 to 60 will go into curating digital content.
  I believe it is important to recognize the
  inevitability of this transition and to embrace
  it. https//idea.iupui.edu/dspace/bitstream/1805/
  665/6/A Model Academic Libraries 2005 to 2025.pdf
• Anne Kenney, interim University Librarian at
  Cornell University Technology skills are
  necessary but insufficient. Digital curation is
  as much about curation as it is about things
  digital. http//www.ils.unc.edu/digccurr2007/slid
  es/kenney_slides_3-2.pdf

Linda Newman, University of Cincinnati. What is
Digital Preservation? Academic Library
Association of Ohio 33rd annual conference, Oct.
25, 2007