Lecture 15: More hallucinogenic plants

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Lecture 15More hallucinogenic plants
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DMT-plants many!

• 10 to 20 mg smoked gt 30 minute intoxication.
• Approximately 100 mg oral ingestion an MAO
  (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors) -- 3-4 hour
  intoxication.
• Profound time-dilation, visual and audio
  hallucinations, alleged journeys to paranormal
  realms, and encounters with spiritual beings or
  other experiences that, by most first hand
  accounts.

Serotonine
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DMT is as commonas crabgrass
Phalaris spp. Canary-grass spp.
Digitaria spp. crabgrass spp.
Phragmites spp. reeds
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Desmanthus illinoesis
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DMT content

• Alkaloids reported as mg/100g raw dried plant
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------
• Phalaris tuberosa DMT 100 mg 5-Me-DMT 22 mg
  5-OH-DMT 5 mg
• P. arundinacea DMT 60 mg
• Desmanthus illinoesis (root bark) DMT 340 mg
• Psychotria viridis DMT 200 mg

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Ayahuasca- the magical drink of the Amazon


Ayahuasca
Banisteriopsis spp. contains MAO. The force
Psychotria viridis Contains DMT the light
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Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors
Sedative-hypnotic properties and possibly
hallucinogenic/dissociative properties. Sources
Peganum harmala, Passiflora spp., USED
TO MAKE DMT ORALLY ACTIVE
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Peganum harmala
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Passiflora incarnata

• Passion flower fruit used in drinks some herbal
  preparations as a sedative.

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Mescaline-plants Peyote San Pedro Cactus
b-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine
Lophophoria williamsii
Trichocereus pachanoi
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Peyote

• Lophophoria williamsii 1.5 mescaline
  (b-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine)
• 3mg/kg potent intoxication
• Up to 8 to 10 hour duration

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PEYOTE RELIGIOUS USE The Native American Church

• 1918 James Mooney, a Smithsonian Institute
  archeologist became convinced of the need to
  unite the Indians and protect their legal right
  to worship with Peyote.
• He called together a meeting in 1918 where he
  wrote the charter for and incorporated the Native
  American Church.

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The Peyote Ceremony
Stewart OC. Peyote Religion. Norman, OK
University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.
Aberle DF. The Peyote Religion Among the Navaho.
Chicago, IL Aldine Publishing Co., 1966.
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Harvesting Peyote
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Peyote aboriginal uses surrounding pregnancy
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Praying Woman
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Origins
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Joy
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Women Praying over Peyote
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Trichocereus spp.

• Most popular source of non-sacramental mescaline
  in the U.S. isnt peyote
• These ornamental cacti can be found almost
  everywhere.

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Lysergic Acid Amide -Plants
Ipomoea spp. Morning Glory 5-10 grams of seeds
Aztec Oliliuqui
Argyria nervosa Hawaiian Baby Woodrose 4-8 seeds
ingested
Turbina corymbosa 1-10 seeds ingested Aztec
Oliliuqui
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Claviceps purpurea - Ergot
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The long road to LSD

• 1676 Claviceps as a source of Ergotism
  discovered.
• Late 19th and early 20th centuries chemists began
  to isolate active principles of ergot.
• Early 1930's Jacobs and Craig basic structure of
  all ergot alkaloids - lysergic acid
• 1935 Hoffman ergobasine
• 1938-1943 Hoffman LSD-25

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Lysergic acid structure
LSD-25
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Mode of Action

• Effects mid-brain activity by interfering with
  action of serotonin and serotonin receptors.
• In small amounts mimics serotonin but in larger
  amounts it is antagonistic to serotonin.
• Hallucinations due to disruptions in the normal
  pathways of sensory stimulation.

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Salvia divinorum
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Salvia divinorum

• Many other Salvia spp. may also contain
  psychoactive diterpenes. Salvinorin A
• Related to Sage plants/Mint family
• Can readily be cultivated. Mexican origin.
• First reported in 1962 but popularity increased
  via InternetTake a look here

http//www.sagewisdom.org/
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Coleus spp.
Salvinorin-like substances present, but the
chemical structure not yet discovered. Chemical,
pharmacological hallucinogen properties unknown.
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Datura spp.
Warning Datura use has been linked to many
deaths, especially at higher dosages. Even very
small amounts of plant material can produce
extremely strong, unpleasant, and dangerous
effects.
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Datura

• Leaves typically cut and smoked.
• Cocktail of alkaloids very complex.
• Ancient ceremonial use in the U.S.
• Occasional report of poisoning death.
• Many other sources for atropine and
  scopalominemandrake, henbane

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References

• Sorry, no time for that, but all plants weve
  talked about today are here

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