Some Maddening Facts About Aggression

1
Some Maddening Facts About Aggression

• Lincoln Garfield
  McKinley Kennedy

2
Some Maddening Facts About Aggression
Jackson T. Roosevelt
F. Roosevelt

Truman Ford
Reagan
3
Eye For An Eye New Application For An Old Rule?
?

African Embassies Afghan Camps
WTC 08-07-98 08
-20-98 09-11-01
4
Eye For An Eye New Application For An Old Rule?

Khadafi
Lockerbie 1986
1988
5
Eye For An Eye New Application For An Old Rule?

?

6
Domestic Violence

How often does it occur ?
7
Nuclear War

How many times must you be able to destroy all
life on Earth?
8
The Most Destructive War

Nanking Stalingrad
Normandy
World War II-55 or 130 Million Deaths
9
Somme Offensive 1916

British and French Gain 12 Kilometers
Casualties British (420,000), French (200,000),
Germans (500,000)
10
The Cost of War

Iraqi Tank Predator UAV
Stinger Missile
11
Holocaust

• Six million Jews (67 of Europes population)
  were exterminated
  
• Others Roma, mentally retarded, mentally
  disturbed, 3 million Soviet POWs, homosexuals,
  Jehovahs Witnesses, Communists, Socialists
  

12
Demise of Native Americans

From Roanoke to Wounded Knee
13
Historys Greatest Murderer

Mao Zedong
14
Guns
Canada
US US/Can Murders
2.0 7.6 3.8 x
Murders with Firearms 0.6 5.2
8.7 x Murders with Handguns 0.3 4.6
15.0 x Murders without Firearms 1.4
2.4 1.7 x Per 100,000 Population

15
US Soft On Crime ?
Rank of 61 Nations Prisoners (Per 1000
Population) 1. US
6.41 2. Russia
6.33 27. Mexico
1.50 39. Canada
1.10 40. UK
1.09 44. France
.86 56. Japan
.48 59. Iceland
.29

16
Equal Justice For All Who Goes To Prison ?

• Justice Department reports that one in eight
  black men in their 20s or early 30s were behind
  bars last year, compared with 1 in 63 white men.
  
• 72-87 of those in prison are functionally
  illiterate. As the saying goes "If you think
  Education is expensive, Try ignorance"......
  
• In 1980, about 40,000 Americans were locked up
  for drugs-only offenses. Now the number is
  450,000, three-fourths of them black or Latino,
  though drug use is no higher in those groups than
  among whites.

17
Terrorism

The response of the weak
18
The Likelihood of Death Per Year in the US
(Averaged Over the Last Decade)
Pneumonia 1 in 4,500
Suicide 1 in 9,200
Murder 1 in 14,000
Automobile Accident 1 in 6,500
Domestic Terrorism 1 in 800,000

19
Freud

He Who Is At So Many Beginnings
20
Three Influences on Freud

Judaism Darwin
World War I
21
Freuds Theory of Instincts

• Life Instincts Eros and libido
• How the life instincts work
• The Death Instincts Thanatos
• How the death instincts work
• Conflict of life and death instinct

22
Catharsis

Release of Instinctual Energy
23
Konrad Lorenz and Ethology

Imprinting
On Aggression
24
Aggression in Nonhuman Animals

• Often involves territoriality
• 1) Territory holders get to reproduce
• 2) Get to use resources in territory
• Sexual selection

25
Aggression in Nonhumans And Humans

• Aggression in nonhumans often strengthens the
  species
  
• Aggression in nonhumans often regulates
  population
  
• Aggression in humans could destroy life on Earth
• What went wrong?

26
Aggression Between Wolves

• How long would it take a wolf to kill another
  wolf?
  
• Why do wolves seldom kill other wolves?
• Aggression inhibiting signals evolve over time

27
Aggression Between Hummingbirds

• Would hummingbirds have strong or weak aggression
  inhibiting signals? Why?
  
• With respect to aggression inhibiting signals are
  humans more like wolves or more like
  hummingbirds? Why?

28
Humans Aggression Inhibiting Signals

• How long would it take a human to kill another
  human with his or her bare hands?
  
• Until recently humans were relatively harmless
  omnivores.
  
• However, recently in our evolutionary history
  human tool use greatly expanded.
  

29
Humans Aggression Inhibiting Signals

• Humans became the master killer of the planet
• Humans did not have time to evolve strong
  aggression inhibiting stimuli
  
• As a result, aggression largely uncontrolled by
  inhibiting signals has a destructive impact on
  the survival of the species.
  

30
Distance Aggression And Inhibiting Signals

• Persons engaged in hand-to-hand combat
• Humans did not have time to evolve strong
  aggression inhibiting stimuli
  
• As a result, aggression largely uncontrolled by
  inhibiting signals has a destructive impact on
  the survival of the species.
  

31
Capital Punishment

• 74 percent of Americans surveyed say they favor
  the death penalty for people convicted of murder
  in a 2003 Gallup poll
  
• Despite its public support capital punishment
  remains controversial in the US
  

32
Capital Punishment

• Of the 85 prisoners executed in 2000, 49 were
  white, of which 6 were white Hispanic 35 were
  black and 1 was American Indian. 
  
• Of the 3,593 prisoners on the death rows of U.S.
  prisons at the end of 2000, about 55 percent were
  white, 43 percent were black, with all other
  races represented 2 percent.

33
Capital Punishment How To Kill?
34
Capital Punishment How To Kill?
35
Capital Punishment Ignorance Hypothesis

• Furman vs Georgia
• Justice Marshall
• A woman taking Social Psychology
• Stuart and Vidmar

36
Capital Punishment Who Do We Execute
Of the 85 prisoners executed in 2000, 49 were wh
ite, of which 6 were white Hispanic 35 were
black and 1 was American Indian. 
Of the 3,593 prisoners on the death rows of U.S.
prisons at the end of 2000, about 55 percent were
white, 43 percent were black, with all other
races represented 2 percent. Blacks were almost
five times as likely as Whites to be on death row
37
Executions By State (2002)
State Executions State
Executions Texas 33
Ohio 3
Oklahoma 7 Alabama
2 Missouri 6
Mississippi 2
Georgia 4 North
Carolina 2 Virginia 4
Louisiana 1
Florida 3
California 1 South Carolina 3
Of 71 Executions 67 (94) Occurred in the
South
38
Executions Of Juveniles By State Since 1976
State
Executions Texas
13
Virginia
3
Oklahoma
3
Georgia
1 Louisiana
1 Missouri
1 South Carolina
1
Of 23 Executions 23 (100) Occurred in the Sout
h
39
Capital Punishment Phillips Archival Study
Phillips (1980) recorded reports of murders and
capital punishments publicized in London between
1858 and 1921. Immediately after a well-publicize
d execution, homicides dropped about 35.
Several weeks later homicides increased above the
rate that would have been expected if no
execution had taken place. When averaged over a p
eriod of six weeks, capital punishment did not
influence the number of homicides.