Lesson 8

1
Lesson 8World War IIandAmerica
2
A Dangerous Development

• Early 1930s Major Threats
• Japan.
• Imperialism would bring wealth and power.
• 1931 Took Manchuria (from China).
• Condemned by the League of Nations.
• 1937 Withdraws from League of Nations.
• Attacks China.

3
A Dangerous Development

• Early 1930s Major Threats
• Germany.
• Adolf Hitlers Socialist Party (Nazis).
• Came to power in 1933.
• Condemned nonwhites and Jews as degenerates.
• Renounced Treaty of Versailles.
• Started rebuilding the German military.

4
A Dangerous Development

• Hitler
• 1936 35,000 troops to Rhineland demilitarized
  zone.
• 1938 Annexed Austria.
• Czechoslovakia.
• Appeasement.
• Hitler could take German portion of
  Czechoslovakia.
• Within six months, Hitler had seized the nation.
• Violation of agreement with France and England.
• September 1940
• Axis agreement (Germany, Italy, Japan).

5
The Horrors of the Holocaust

• November 9, 1938
• Nazis round up Jews.
• Killings, beatings, destroyed Jewish shops,
  burned synagogues.
• Night of Broken Glass.
• Government seized Jewish property.

6
The Horrors of the Holocaust

• Hitlers Final Solution
• Hitler ordered extermination of racial enemies
  and undesirables.
• Jews, gypsies, cripples, mentally disabled,
  homosexuals, etc.
• 1942 Auschwitz (Poland).
• Many in United States unaware of extent of
  horrors.
• Jewish community much more aware.

7
Oskar Schindler
8
European War American Preparedness

• President Roosevelt
• Understood the situation.
• Americans/Congress opposed to war overseas.
• 1939 War breaks out in Europe
• Hitler invaded
• Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium,
  Luxembourg.
• France (falls in May 1940).

9
European War American Preparedness

• Battle of Britain.
• May 1940
• Roosevelt started transferring US warships and
  equipment to Britain.
• Congress enacts nations first peacetime draft.
• August 1941 Meeting between US/Britain.
• President Roosevelt (U.S.).
• Winston Churchill (Prime minister, England).
• Atlantic Charter All peoples should live in
  freedom from fear, want, and tyranny.

10
European War American Preparedness

• The war widens
• Hitler invades the Soviet Union.

11
Pearl Harbor

• The Pacific.
• May 1940
• Roosevelt transferred the Pacific fleet from its
  California bases to a forward position at Pearl
  Harbor (Hawaii).
• War between U.S. and Japan looked likely.
• Japan wanted to deliver knockout blow to U.S.
• Allow them to seize S.E. Asia Western Pacific.

12
Pearl Harbor

• U.S. broke Japanese code.
• Knew attack planned by Japan.
• December 7, 1941
• Japanese bombers hit the Pacific Fleet (Pearl
  Harbor).
• 2,400 killed.
• a date which will live in infamy
• Congress gave Roosevelt a declaration of war.
• On Japan.
• December 11
• Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.

13
(No Transcript)
14
The War Powers Act

• Act gave the U.S. President power to
• Reorganize the Federal Government.
• Create new federal agencies.
• Establish programs
• Censoring news, information, abridging civil
  rights.
• Seize foreign-owned property.
• Award government contracts (without bids).
• Roosevelt used this power.
• National War Labor Board
• Supply Priorities and Allocation Board.

15
The War Powers Act

• Agencies created to promote the war.
• Office of War Information.
• Engage the press, radio, and film industry to
  sell the war.
• Published leaflets to be dropped behind enemy
  lines.
• Size/scope of Federal Government grew.

16
The New Deal

• Withered away.
• Provisions taken apart.
• Depression and unemployment gave way to labor
  shortages.
• Administration interested in
• Securing the planes, ships, guns, and food
  required for victory.

17
Internment of Japanese Americans

• Following Pearl Harbor
• Military officials feared an invasion of the main
  land.
• Believed Japanese Americans were unfaithful.
• December 8, 1941
• Federal government froze financial assets of
  Japanese Americans.
• February 19, 1942
• Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066
• Banned Japanese Americans from designated
  military areas.

18
Internment of Japanese Americans

• Spring 1942
• Japanese Americans forced to
• Give up homes/businesses.
• Report to one of ten internment camps.
• August 1942
• Majority of west coast Japanese Americans
  interned.

19
Internment of Japanese Americans

• Challenges to internment.
• ACLU
• Supreme Court upheld internment.
• National Security.

20
The Coming End

• Until the end of 1942
• Allies on the defensive.
• Hitler (etc) controlled most of continental
  Europe and continued to pound Great Britain from
  the air.
• Soviets defeated Germans.
• Summer 1943
• Allies attack southern Italy.
• July Sicily.

21
The Coming End

• Operation Overlord
• Summer of 1943.
• Result in the invasion of France (June 1944)
• D-Day Start of Allied invasion.
• Beaches of Normandy.
• Mid-July Allies break out of Normandy drove into
  French interior.

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
The Coming End

• December 1944
• Germany launched offensive into Belgium.
• Allied forces attacked from north and south.
• January 1945 German forces defeated.
• Battle of the Bulge.

25
(No Transcript)
26
The Coming End

• German forces in Berlin.
• Adolf Hitler holds up in Berlin.
• Kills himself April 30, 1945.
• President Roosevelt
• Dies on April 12, 1945.
• Harry S. Truman becomes President.
• Germany surrendered May 8, 1945

27
Japan and the Atomic Bomb

• Japan refused to surrender.
• August 6, 1945
• B-29 Bomber (Enola Gay).
• Five Ton Uranium Bomb.
• Hiroshima.
• August 9, 1945
• Atomic bomb.
• Nagasaki.
• Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945.

28
Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima (left)
and Nagasaki (right)
29
End of Lesson 8