Tim Cantrell

1
Impending Crisis1840-1860
LCC

• Tim Cantrell

2
Harrison-Tyler, 1841-45-1

• I. Frustration of the Whigs- Harrison was
  elected, but after one month, he died and Tyler
  became President. 1st VP to become President
  upon the death of a President. He became a
  strong President, not an Acting President like
  Clay wanted him to be.
• II. Events-1. Independent Treasury abolished,
  but new Bank bill vetoed by Tyler two or three
  times.
• 2. Tariff of 1842-tariff raised 3. Tyler was
  criticized for marrying the 23 year old daughter
  of the Secretary of State (Webster resigned after
  settling the Maine boundary-Webster Ashburton
  Treaty

3
Tyler, Contd-2

• 4. Tyler turned to foreign policy-Manifest
  Destiny-The issue was the annexation of Texas.
  Webster resigned and Calhoun was appointed to
  negotiate the treaty. This was done and the
  Senate rejected it, because it would lead to a
  war with Mexico. Clay helped defeat it in the
  Senate. This issue became the principal issue in
  the 1844 election.
• Election of 1844-Whigs-Clay, Democrats-Polk
  Liberty Party-Birney- 5440 or fight the
  reannexation of Texas Polk won, with NY being
  the deciding state.

4
Polk-1845-49-3

• I. Polk had been House Speaker. Powerful
  President. Little Hickory James Buchanan was
  Secretary of State. Polk endorsed Manifest
  Destiny. He not only wanted Texas, but
  California too and was willing to fight for it.
• Events-Three days before Polk took office, Tyler
  signed the Joint Resolution of Congress which
  officially annexed Texas. In hopes of provoking
  the Mexicans into firing the first shot, he sent
  General Zachary Taylor to the Rio Grande, a newly
  claimed border with Mexico. He also sent John
  Slidell to Mexico City to offer to buy CA

5
Polk, Contd-4

• The Slidell mission was refused by Mexico and
  Polk wanted war for the insult. About the time
  Polk prepared his war message, word came about
  the attack on Taylors troops. This started the
  Mexican war. Use Maps for the 3 fronts 1. N.
  Mexico-Taylor 2. California-Fremont 3. Mexico
  City-Scott
• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848-Nicholas Trist
  1. Texas 2. CA 3. Mexican Cession-U.S. paid 15
  million plus 3 ¼ million in claims against
  Mexico. Polk was unhappy as President and did
  not run again. Died in 1849.

6
Taylor-Fillmore, 1849-53-5

• Election of 1848-Democrats-Cass, Whigs-Taylor,
  Free Soil-Van Buren C.F. Adams Van Buren split
  the Democrat vote and threw the election to
  Taylor. The Free Soil party supported the Wilmot
  Proviso, a bill that passed the House that
  prohibited slavery in any territory obtained in
  the Mexican War. Failed in the Senate, but was a
  rallying cry for the anti-slavery forces.
• Taylor-Fillmore- Taylor lived only 16 months and
  his administration was dominated by the arguments
  over the slavery issue in the new territories.

7
Taylor-Fillmore-6

• Compromise of 1850-Clays last big compromise and
  the last meeting of the great Triumvirate-All
  three died within 2 years. Provisions-1.CA free
  state 2. Slave trade abolished in DC 3. Fugitive
  slave law 4. Popular Sovereignty in the Mexican
  Cession. Taylor opposed the compromise, but
  died in July and Fillmore signed it in September.
  Most politicians supported the compromise as the
  final word on slavery. Pierce beat Scott in 1852
  supporting the finality of the compromise. Even
  Webster came out for Pierce, the Democrat in
  1852.

8
Massachusetts-7

• Great Migration-1630s-thousands left England and
  came to MA.
• Government-Theocracy
• Education-Harvard, 1636-Old Deluter Satan Law,
  1647
• Economics, farming, fishing, rum, ship building

9
Expansion of NE-8

• Rhode Island-1636-Roger Williams, 1st American
  was banished for sedition from MA. 1. Religious
  toleration 2. Separation of church and state 3.
  Treat the Indians fairly and pay them for land.
  Anne Hutchinson also exiled and came to RI.
  Williams founded the 1st First Baptist Church in
  Providence, RI in 1636. RI got a corporate
  charter in 1636.

10
Expansion of NE

• New Hampshire-Founded by Fernando Georges and
  John Mason in 1629. Not as religious as MA
• Connecticut-1635-founded by people who thought MA
  was not strict enough. Fundamental Orders of
  Connecticut, 1639 was the first written
  constitution in America. Corporate charter, 1639
• Restoration Colonies-Carolinas, NY, NJ

11
Restoration Colonies

• Carolinas-given to 8 friends of Charles II who
  helped restore him. 1st settlement, Charleston,
  1670. Not successful until private ownership of
  land was allowed. Quit Rent
• Economics, tobacco, rice, indigo, naval stores,
  cotton, rice, pork, corn, lumber-the division
  North and South came in 1729 and both became
  Royal colonies.

12
Restoration-11

• New York-Conquered by James, Duke of York from
  the Dutch in 1664. Peter Stuyvesant, the Dutch
  governor surrendered without a fight in order to
  keep customs, land and religion. It became royal
  in 1685 when James became king.
• New Jersey-given by James to a friend, John
  Berkley. It became royal in 1702

13
Quaker Colonies-12

• Pennsylvania-Founded by Willam Penn in 1682.
  Free religion.
• Quaker beliefs-1. Wouldnt swear or take oaths
  2. No clergy 3. Women equal 4. Thee and Thou 5.
  Pacifists 6. Treated Indians fairly
• International Colony-people came from all over
  Europe. The most non-English colony. Freedom of
  Religion prevailed here.

14
Quaker Colonies-13

• Delaware-purchased by the Penns and ruled by PA.
  Separate assembly granted to DL in 1702.
• Georgia-founded by MP James Oglethorpe in 1732 as
  a refuge for debtors and a buffer state between
  the English and Spanish Florida. No slavery
  allowed until it became a regular royal colony in
  1751

15
Colonial Policy-14

• Salutary Neglect to 1660
• Navigation Acts-1660-96-3 principles 1. All trade
  to and from the colonies in English ships manned
  by English subjects 2. All trade must pass
  through England 3. Certain articles could be sold
  to England only All these rules were
  designed to enforce Mercantilism-define
• Attempts at Unity of the Colonies

16
Colonial Policy

• Dominion of New England- 1685-attempted by James
  II, unpopular because it abolished the
  representative assemblies. The governor, Edmund
  Andros was very unpopular. This ended in 1688
  with the Glorious Revolution.
• Glorious Revolution brought the Bill of Rights
  and many colonies became Royal under William and
  Mary.

17
Conclusion

• By 1700, the colonies on the continent had become
  very important to the economics of England. The
  colonies would mature during the 1700s and grow
  away from the mother country as they became
  different from England.