CHINA AND THE WEST

1
CHINA AND THE WEST
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Early British Contact

• James Flint, 1755
• Viscount Macartney, 1793

3
For all the Tea in China

• British East India Company
• Tea, silver, and opium
• Lin Zexu (Lin Tse-hsü), 1839

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For all the Tea in China

• British East India Company
• Lin Zexu (Lin Tse-hsü), 1839
• The (First) Opium War, 1839-1842
• The Treaty of Nanjing, 1842

5
What Happened to China?

• Modernization Theory
• Outside influences help
• A rising tide lifts all boats
• Inevitable modernization
• World System Theory
• Outside influences hurt
• Those who get behind, stay behind
• Inevitable dependency
• Blending the two

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Imperialism

• Economic Motives
• Religious Motives

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Imperialism

• Nationalistic and military motives
• Gunboat diplomacy
• Alfred Thayer Mahan
• Racism and uplift
• The thrill of the exotic
• Rudyard Kipling, Mandalay, The White Mans Burden
• Civilization follows the flag

8
The Treaty of Wangxia, 1844

• Most favored nation status
• Extraterritoriality

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The Taiping Rebellion, 1850

• Hong Xiuquan
• Semi-Christian ideology
• Code of behavior
• No support from the elites
• Chaos, exploited by the West

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The Second Opium War, 1858-1860

• 1856 piracy
• Burning of the Summer Palace
• Treaty of Tianjin, 1860

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Reaction Self-Strengthening

• Limited progress
• Chinese ways for fundamental issues
• Western ways only as tools
• Tsu Hsi, the Empress Dowager

12
A Last Effort at Reform, 1894

• Kang Youwei
• Liang Qichao
• The Hundred Days of Reform
• Reaction

13
The Boxer Rebellion, 1900

• Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists,
  1898
• Peasants and the urban poor
• Mystical powers
• Encouraged by Tsu Hsi
• International retribution
• The Treaty of Peking, 1901

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The End of the Dynasties

• Death of Tsu Hsi, 1908 Puyi
• Dr. Sun Yat-sen
• Revolutionary Alliance Society, 1905
• Double Ten Rebellion, Wuhan, 1905
• Puyi abdicated, February 12, 1912

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Western Influence in Retrospect

• A disappointment for the Imperialists
• Economics
• Religion
• Limited impact on Chinese society
• Traditional
• Rural
• A dying empire?
• A focal point for resentment?