Operations and Productivity

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Operations Management
Chapter 1 Operations and Productivity11
Chapter 1 Operations and
Productivity
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Outline

• Global Company Profile Hard Rock Cafe

• What Is Operations Management?
• Organizing To Produce Goods And Services
• Why Study OM?
• What Operations Managers Do

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Outline - Continued

• The Heritage Of Operations Management
• Operations In The Service Sector
• Differences Between Goods And Services
• Exciting New Trends In Operations Management

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Outline - Continued

• The Productivity Challenge
• Ethics And Social Responsibility

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The Hard Rock Cafe

• First opened in 1971
• Now 110 restaurants in over 40 countries
• Rock music memorabilia
• Creates value in the form of good food and
  entertainment
• 3,500 custom meals per day in Orlando
• How does an item get on the menu?
• Role of the Operations Manager

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What Is Operations Management?

• Production is the creation of goods and services

Operations management (OM) is the set of
activities that creates value in the form of
goods and services by transforming inputs into
outputs
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Organizing to Produce Goods and Services

• Essential functions
• Marketing generates demand
• Production/operations creates the product
• Finance/accounting tracks how well the
  organization is doing, pays bills, collects the
  money

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Commercial Bank
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Airline
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Manufacturing
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Why Study OM?

• OM is one of three major functions (marketing,
  finance, and operations) of any organization

• We want to know how goods and services are
  produced
• We want to understand what operations managers do
• OM is such a costly part of an organization

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Options for Increasing Contribution

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What Operations Managers Do
Basic Management Functions

• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Leading
• Controlling

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Ten Critical Decisions
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Where are the OM Jobs?
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Where are the OM Jobs?

• Technology/methods
• Facilities/space utilization
• Strategic issues
• Response time
• People/team development
• Customer service
• Quality
• Cost reduction
• Inventory reduction
• Productivity improvement

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Significant Events in OM
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Characteristics of Goods

• Tangible product
• Consistent product definition
• Production usually separate from consumption
• Can be inventoried
• Low customer interaction

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Characteristics of Service

• Intangible product
• Produced and consumed at same time
• Often unique
• High customer interaction
• Inconsistent product definition
• Often knowledge-based
• Frequently dispersed

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Goods and Services
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New Trends in OM
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New Trends in OM
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New Trends in OM
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Productivity Challenge
Productivity is the ratio of outputs (goods and
services) divided by the inputs (resources such
as labour and capital)
The objective is to improve this measure of
efficiency
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Productivity

• Measure of process improvement
• Represents output relative to input
• Only through productivity increases can our
  standard of living improve

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Productivity Calculations
Labor Productivity
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Multi-Factor Productivity

• Also known as total factor productivity
• Output and inputs are often expressed in dollars

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Collins Title Productivity
.0077 titles/dollar
.0097 titles/dollar
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Service Productivity

• Typically labor intensive

• Frequently focused on unique individual
  attributes or desires
• Often an intellectual task performed by
  professionals
• Often difficult to mechanize
• Often difficult to evaluate for quality

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Productivity at Taco Bell
Improvements

• Revised the menu
• Designed meals for easy preparation
• Shifted some preparation to suppliers
• Efficient layout and automation
• Training and employee empowerment

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Productivity at Taco Bell
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Ethics and Social Responsibility
Challenges facing operations managers

• Developing safe quality products
• Maintaining a clean environment
• Providing a safe workplace
• Honouring community commitments