Hard Disk Presentation

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• Understanding
• Hard Drives

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EIDE Standards Enhanced Intelligent Drive
Electronics

• Support two IDE connections, a primary and a
  secondary (Integrated device Electronics)
• Each connection can support up to two IDE devices
  for a total of four devices on a system
• Possible configurations
• Primary IDE channel, master device
• Primary IDE channel, slave device
• Secondary IDE channel, master device
• Secondary IDE channel, slave device

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Motherboard with Two IDE Connectors
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IDE Technology

• Used by almost all hard drives
• Use a varying number of sectors for each
  cylinder, depending on how close the cylinder is
  to the outer edge

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Hardware Subsystem Including an IDE Hard Drive
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Tracks and Sectors
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Hard Drive Manufacturers
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Communicating withthe Hard Drive BIOS

• With IDE drives, system BIOS and OS communicate
  with hard drive controller BIOS only hard drive
  controller BIOS deals with physically locating
  data on the drive

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Calculating Drive Capacity on Older Drives

• cylinders (tracks) x heads x sectors N
• Divide N by 1,024 to convert to KB, then by
  1,024 again to convert to MB

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• Ejemplo 615 cilindros, 4 cabezas (por tanto, dos
  platos) y 17 sectores por cilindro. Si
  multiplicamos cilindros por sectores por cabezas
  por 512 Bytes por sector
• Capacidad cilindros x cabezas x sectores x 512.
• Capacidad 615 x 4 x 17 x 512 21.411.840 Bytes
• La capacidad es de 20,1MB.
• De esta forma se calcula el tamaño de un disco
  duro.

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Steps to Prepare a Hard Drive to Hold Files

• Low-level format
• Partitioning the hard drive
• High-level format

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Hard Drive Partitions and Logical Drives
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Hard Drive Partitions and Logical Drives

• Partition table is exactly 512 bytes long,
  occupying one sector
• Active partition
• Partition of the hard drive used to boot the OS
• Contains only a single logical drive (drive C)
• Always the first partition on the drive

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Hard Drive with 3 Logical Drives
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Choice of File Systems

• FAT16
• Virtual File Allocation (VFAT)
• FAT32
• NTFS (New Technology file system)

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Size of Some Logical Drives
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Set Jumpers and DIP Switches
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Set Jumpers and DIP Switches
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Mount the Drive in the Bay
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Use Fdisk to Partition a Drive
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Use Fdisk to Partition a Drive
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Use Fdisk to Partition a Drive
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Format Each Logical Drive

• Use these commands
• Format C/S
• Format D
• Format E

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Using Windows to Partition and Format a New Drive

• Boot from Windows setup CD and follow directions
  on the screen to install Windows on the new drive
• Setup process partitions and formats the new
  drive before it begins Windows installation

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Troubleshooting Hard Drives

• Problems occur before and after installation
• Problems may be hardware or software related

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Problems with Hard Drive Installations

• Things to check if CMOS setup does not show drive
• Does your system BIOS recognize large drives?
• Is autodetection correctly configured in CMOS
  setup?
• Are the jumpers on the drive set correctly?
• Are the power cord and data cable connected?

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Problems with Hard Drive Installations

• CMOS setup does not reflect new hard drive
• Solution Enable autodetection and reboot system
• Error message Hard drive not found.
• Reseat the data cable and reboot the PC
• Error message No boot device available.
• Insert bootable disk and restart the machine
• Error message 601 appears on the screen
• Connect the power cord to the floppy disk drive
• Error message Hard drive not present
• Restore jumpers to their original state

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Troubleshooting Hard Drive Installations

• Has CMOS setup been correctly configured?
• Any DIP switches or jumpers that must be set?
• Power cord and data cable properly connected?
• Check Web site of drive manufacturer for
  suggestions

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Partition and format your hard drive
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SATA HARD DRIVES
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SATA Hard Disk Drives

• The ATA hard disk drives or the Advanced
  Technology
• The Serial ATA is called as the SATA (Serial
  Advanced Technology Attachment)
• The concept of the SATA was introduced in the
  year of 1986.

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• The speed of the data transmission is about 1.5
  giga bits per second or 150 mega bytes per
  second. This is a unidirectional. Eventually the
  SATA II was introduced in the year of 2003 that
  has the speed of about 3 giga bits per second or
  300 mega bytes per second.

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Attaching Cables and Mounting the Drive
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Que es eSATA?

• SATA externo (eSATA) es una versión externa de
  SATA que utiliza conectores ligeramente
  diferentes que puede soportar el desgaste y la
  electricidad estática. eSATA ofrece mayor
  velocidad y mejor rendimiento que los actuales
  formatos de almacenamiento externo como USB 2.0 y
  FireWire (IEEE 1394).

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NTFS

• El sistema de archivos NTFS, o New Technology
  File System fue introducido a mediados de 1.993
  en Windows NT 3.1, y utilizado por Microsoft solo
  en sus sistemas profesionales hasta la salida de
  Windows XP, que fue el primer sistema operativo
  de uso doméstico que lo incorporó.

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• Las ventajas que tiene sobre FAT son sobre todo
  la forma de tratar las estructuras de datos para
  mejorar el rendimiento, la fiabilidad y el uso
  del espacio en disco. Las mejoras de seguridad
  incluyen el soporte de listas de acceso.

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FAT32

• Es en realidad una extensión de FAT16 y provee de
  un número mayor de clusters por partición. Como
  tal, mejora considerablemente la utilización del
  disco comparada con FAT16. Sin embargo también
  comparte algunas limitaciones y un problema
  añadido, algunos sistemas operativos que
  reconocen FAT16 no funcionarán con FAT32.

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Un clúster

• Es la unidad de almacenamiento en un disco (ZIP,
  rígido o flexible) con una determinada cantidad
  fija de bytes. Un disco está dividido en miles de
  clústeres de igual tamaño y los archivos son
  repartidos y almacenados en distintos clústeres.

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Esquema gráfico de un clúster de disco
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FAT

• Lo que actualmente conocemos por FAT es realmente
  FAT16. Es el sistema de archivos introducido por
  Microsoft en 1987 para dar soporte a los archivos
  de 16bits, no soportados por versiones anteriores
  de FAT (FAT12).

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Summary

• Hard drive physical organization cylinders,
  tracks, sectors
• Hard drive logical organization boot record,
  file allocation tables, and root directory
• Parallel ATA (or EIDE) allows connection of up
  to 4 devices
• Serial ATA (SATA) specifies one cable per device
• SCSI group allow up to 7 or 15 physical devices
• Other drive interface standards USB, FireWire

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