Title: KEYS Knowledge Enhances Your Safety Clinical Research Unit
1KEYS Knowledge Enhances Your Safety
Clinical Research Unit Department of
Ophthalmology University of Alabama at Birmingham
Beth Stalvey, MPH, PhD, CHES
2Target High-Risk Older Drivers
- Crash Involved
- Visually Impaired
- Legally Licensed
- High Driving Exposure
3Curriculum
4Delivery
- One-on-One
- Eye Care Clinic
- Tailored to Individual
- Visual Function
- Driving Habits
- Theory Based
5 1) Informational Component Visual
Function and Impact on Driving
- Visual Acuity
- Contrast Sensitivity
- Depth Perception
- Peripheral Vision
- Visual Processing
- Objective Assessment (Exam Screening)
6Skill-Building Hazard Avoidance and
Self-Regulation
Driving Hazard
Alternative Strategy
Night Rain Interstate Left-Turn High-Traffic Rush-
Hour Driving Alone
Day No Rain Access Road 3 Right-Turns Arrow Less
Traveled Routes Off-Peak Hours Driving Companion
7Confidence Building and Behavior Change
- Vicarious Learning (Driving Scenes)
- Goal Setting (Signed Contract)
- Vicarious Experience (Testimonial)
- Self-Efficacy (Homework)
- Self-Assessment Driving Diary
- Booster
- Skill Review Verbal Reinforcement
8Evaluation
9Study Design
Usual
Eye Care
Control
R
A
N
D
Post
-Test
Comprehensive
O
Assessment
Baseline
Eye
M
6, 12, 18, 24
Assessment
I
months
Exam
Z
E
Educational
D
Intervention
Usual Eye
Care
2 Sessions
10Outcomes
- At six-month post-test, those who participated
in education session reported - significantly
- Greater level of perceived vision impairment and
understanding of impact on driving - Higher number of perceived benefits to
self-regulation and hazard avoidance - Greater readiness to make driving behavior change
11Driving Exposure
300
7
p0.02
p0.01
6
250
Usual Care
5
Usual Care
200
4
Intervention
150
3
Intervention
100
2
50
1
0
0
Miles Per Week
Places Per Week
12Driving Exposure
plt0.0001
plt0.0001
Intervention
Intervention
Usual Care
Usual Care
Hazard Avoidance
Self-Regulation
13Crash Involvement
14Summary
- Education
- Changes in knowledge and perceptions
-
- Driver Performance
- Reduction in driving exposure
- Increased self-regulation
- Safety
- Similar crash rates
15Crash Rate as Safety Outcome
- Sufficient Power to evaluate
- Length of evaluation period
- Fault of driver
Self-Awareness Motivation Skill Self-Regulation Co
nfidence
?
Safety
Knowledge