Physical Activity

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Physical Activity Sport Issues

• Chapter 13

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Definitions

• Modern sport is a reflection of our society
• E.g. winning at all costs
• Sociology is the study of the functioning of
  human society in various environments (e.g.
  workplace, church, school)
• Sport sociology is the study of the functioning
  of society within the modern sport environment

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Important Issues in Sport Sociology

• Specifically we will discuss
• Aggression and Violence in Sport
• Cheating in Sport
• Gender and Sport
• Race and Ethnicity in Sport
• Racism in Sport
• Other Victims of Discrimination
• Sport Trends in the Future

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Aggression and Violence in Sport
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• Violence in sports parallels the reality of
  violence in a society as a whole
• We see examples of societal violence every time
  we watch the evening news
• Sport news isnt much better

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Examples of Violence in Sport

• Hockey
• 2000 Marty McSorley knocks out Donald Brashear
  by slashing him in the head with his stick
• Basketball
• 1995 Verno Maxwell hits an abusive fan in the
  stands
• Baseball
• Roger Clements throws the jagged piece of a
  broken bat at Mike Piazza
• Examples can be found in almost every sport
• Can you think of any other examples?

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Definitions

• Violence extreme aggression
• There are three distinct components of aggressive
  behaviour
• Hostile Aggression
• Instrumental Aggression
• Assertive Behaviour

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Assertive Behaviour

• Often confused with aggression
• Increased effort and energy expenditure
• No intent to harm
• No anger involved
• May result in harm, but any resultant harm is
  incidental to the game
• E.g. Assertive checking meant to slow down the
  opponent

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What Causes Aggressive Behavior in Sport?

• The following causes most likely interact to
  cause aggressive behaviour

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4. Physical contact

• Sports with a lot of physical contact result in
  more aggression
• If player believes that the opponent is trying to
  hurt him/her there is an increased likelihood
  that aggression will occur
• Recommendations
• Encouraging athletes to increase effort vs.
  aggressive acts
• Victory (vs. harm) the ultimate way to get back
  at an opponent
• Others?