21st Century Physical Education-What SHOULD it Look Like!

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21st Century Physical Education-What SHOULD it
Look Like!

• John W. Dunlop
• Polar Master Technology Trainer
• National Board Certified Teacher-EMC/PE
• Portage Public Schools
• Portage, MI

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Historical Foundations of 20th Century Physical
Education

• Early 20th Century-Gymnastics, Posture
• WWI-prepare armed forces, survey concluded
  children were woefully subpar physically
• 1920s-P.E. expanded, depression erased gains of
  the 20s, 40 of programs dropped

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Historical Foundations of 20th Century Physical
Education

• 1940s-1970s-Division of Fitness created by
  Dept. of Defense, Health and Welfare
• Nearly 60 of American children failed fitness
  tests compared to 9 of European children
• New steps created to develop a greater
  opportunity for females

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Historical Foundations of 20th Century Physical
Education

• Programs for individuals with disabilities were
  created
• Research became more specialized in fields of
  pedagogy, exercise physiology, motor learning,
  and Sociology of sport
• Focus of programs was on development of sport
  related skills

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Historical Foundations of 20th Century Physical
Education

• 1970-2000-Continued growth in area of P.E. and
  sport mainly due to technology
• Programs grow to serve all age groups
• Importance placed on healthy lifestyle behaviors
• Health-related fitness test (Fitnessgram) created

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Old School Philosophy

• Physical education programs focused on developing
  athletes
• For years, PE addressed the needs of only 25-30
  of its participants
• Teachers were not held accountable for results
• This resulted in a painful, nightmarish
  experience for a large percentage of the
  population
• PE becomes unnecessary and expendable

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The Unfit States of America

• Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer
  in America, accounting for nearly 41 of all
  deaths nationwide.
• More than one in five Americans have CVD,
  accounting for one death every 33 seconds.
• 45 of CVD deaths could have been prevented with
  changes in lifestyle and increased exercise.
• In 1998, heart disease killed over 950,000
  Americans More than cancer, accidents,
  pneumonia, influenza, pulmonary disease, and
  diabetes mellitus combined.

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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
(BMI ?30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
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Obesity Epidemic

• 6 MILLION children are seriously overweight
• Fewer than 1 in 4 children get 20 minutes of
  vigorous activity every day
• 100 BILLION associated with hypokinetic diseases

We are in the midst of an unprecedented epidemic
of obesity among young people Centers for
Disease Control Surgeon Generals
Report American Academy of Pediatrics
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Obesity in Children
Source CDC

• According to government estimates, some 6
  million American children are seriously
  overweight.

The percentage of overweight youth in the US has
more than doubled in the past 30 years
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Percentage of U.S. Children and Adolescents Who
Were Overweight
Ages 12-19
5
Ages 6-11
4
gt95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based
on 2000 CDC BMI-for-age growth charts Data are
from 1963-65 for children 6-11 years of age and
from 1966-70 for adolescents 12-17 years of
age Source National Center for Health
Statistics
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Percentage of U.S. Children and Adolescents Who
Were Overweight
16
15
Ages 12-19
5
Ages 6-11
4
gt95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based
on 2000 CDC BMI-for-age growth charts Data are
from 1963-65 for children 6-11 years of age and
from 1966-70 for adolescents 12-17 years of
age Source National Center for Health
Statistics
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The PE Revolution

• Development of national PE standards in 1995
• Groundbreaking publications-Surgeon Generals
  report(1996), CDC physical activity
  guidelines(1998), Healthy People 2000 and 2010,
  Secretaries of HHS and Education Report to the
  President (Fall 2000)
• Focus is on development of a healthy, active
  lifestyle versus skill development
• Stresses participation rather than performance
• Fitness assessment addresses healthy levels of
  fitness and serves as a process, not a product
• A concerted move toward change
• Create and enjoyable experience for our students!

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Positive (Quality) Physical Education

• Opportunity to learn
• Qualified teachers
• Adequate time
• Meaningful content
• National/state standards for physical education
• Appropriate instruction
• Formative and summative assessment

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Curriculum Alignment with NASPE National
Standards and State Content Standards and
Benchmarks

• Instruction in a variety of motor skills
• Development of cognitive concepts
• Health-Related Fitness education and assessment
  strategies
• Opportunities to develop social and cooperative
  skills

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Role of Quality Physical Education Programs

• Acquire Physical Competence
• Build Health Related Fitness
• Create Cognitive Understanding about Physical
  Activity
• Develop Positive Personal-Social Character
  Traits

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Definition of a Physically Educated Person

• HAS learned skills necessary to perform a variety
  of physical activities
• IS physically fit
• DOES participate regularly in physical activity
• KNOWS the implications of and the benefits from
  involvement in physical activities
• VALUES physical activity and its contribution to
  a healthful lifestyle

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Purpose of National Standards for Physical
Education

• To define what a student should know and be able
  to do as a result of a quality physical education
  program
• Provides credibility to our profession as we are
  one of many disciplines with standards

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National Standards, 2nd Edition

• Standard 1 Demonstrates competency in motor
  skills and movement patterns needed to perform a
  variety of physical activities
  (Physical skills)
• Standard 2 Demonstrates understanding of
  movement concepts, principles, strategies, and
  tactics as they apply to the learning and
  performance of physical activities
  (Cognitive)
• Standard 3 Participates regularly in physical
  activity
  (Physical activity)

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National Standards, 2nd Edition

• Standard 4 Achieves and maintains a health
  enhancing level of physical fitness
  (Health-related fitness)
• Standard 5 Exhibits responsible personal and
  social behavior that respects self and others in
  physical activity settings
  (Behavioral skills)
• Standard 6 Values physical activity for health,
  enjoyment, challenge, self-expression and/or
  social interaction
  (Intrinsic value)

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Examples of Positive (Quality) Physical Education

• All children being active
• Stations
• Small group games
• Technology (heart rate monitors, pedometers)
• Choices
• Variety of activities
• Various practice levels
• Personal goals
• Cooperative Activities

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Recommended Amounts of Physical Activity and
Education

• Physical activity
• At least 60 minutes, and up to several hours, a
  day of physical activity
• NASPE
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Federal
  government)
• Physical education
• ES at least 150 minutes/week
• MS, HS at least 225 minutes/week
• NASPE
• Others that support the NASPE recommendation
  (e.g., CDC)

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Daily Physical Education for All Students

• Daily PE or its equivalent is
• provided for entire school year
• for students in all grades in
• 8 of elementary schools (excluding kindergarten)
  
• 6 of middle/junior high schools
• 6 of senior high schools

Elementary schools 150 minutes / week
secondary schools 225 minutes / week
Source CDC, School Health Policies and Programs
Study 2000
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The Brain/Body Connection

• Research has not been conducted to conclusively
  demonstrate a link between physical activity and
  improved academic performance
• However, such a link might be expected
• Research does show that
• Movement stimulates brain functioning
• Physical activity increases adolescents
  self-esteem and reduces anxiety and stressthus,
  through its effects on mental health, may help
  increase students capacity for learning
• Increases in time for physical education did not
  lead to lower test scores

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Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness
                                                  
                        
Grade 5 Sat-9 and Physical Fitness Scores
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Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness
                                                  
                
Grade 7 Sat-9 and Physical Fitness Scores
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Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness
                                                  
                              
Grade 9 Sat-9 and Physical Fitness Scores
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Barriers Preventing Physical Education Reform

• A lack of accountability for results in most P.E.
  programs still exists today
• P.E. does not have standardized fitness or health
  and wellness tests
• P.E. is not a part of statewide educational
  assessment tests (WSAS)
• P.E. is not part of overall GPA in many schools

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Barriers Preventing Physical Education Reform

• Lack of integration between education and health
  communities
• Negative perceptions of P.E. continue to hinder
  advancement
• P.E. lacks a strong policy presence at Federal,
  State and Local levels
• Parents have yet to grasp the severity of the
  situation

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10-Step Action Plan for P.E. Stakeholders

1. Demand increased accountability from P.E.
   Programs
2. Develop National fitness and cognitive health
   tests
3. Conduct research to quantify the cost of physical
   inactivity
4. Include P.E. in Statewide educational assessment
   tests
5. Incorporate P.E. in students overall GPA

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10-Step Action Plan for P.E. Stakeholders

1. Revolutionize Physical Education training in the
   United States
2. Transition ALL P.E. programs to the New
   Lifestyle Curriculum
3. Increase public policy advocacy efforts to
   advance Physical Education reform
4. Create stronger partnerships between the
   education and health communities
5. Create a parent involvement initiative

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Resources

• www.pelinks4u.org
• www.pe4life.org
• www.pecentral.com
• www.aahperd.org
• National Association for Sport and Physical
  Education
• C.A.P.E-Center for the Advancement of Physical
  Education