A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF JAZZ

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A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF JAZZ

• A Uniquely American Music

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• PRODUCED
• BY
• E. LUCI DAHL
• Fall, 2004

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THE BIRTHPLACE OF JAZZ

• The only music genre native to the US, Jazz
  (originally spelled Jass) was born in New
  Orleans, near the end of the 19th century.

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CONGO SQUARE

• On Sundays, New Orleans slaves met at Congo
  Square for trading, worship, dancing, singing,
  and music. These traditional West African rhythms
  eventually evolved into Ragtime, the precursor of
  Jazz.

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RAGTIME

• Ragtime was set in traditional song forms such as
  waltzes, but its defining characteristic was
  syncopation. Ragtimes popularity lasted from
  about 1893 to the beginning of World War I. The
  most famous ragtime composer was Scott Joplin
  (right), who published the first of his many
  rags in 1899.

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JAZZ IS BORN

• Buddy Bolden is considered the first bandleader
  to
• play what ultimately was called Jazz. By the end
  of
• the 19th century, he was the
• self-Proclaimed King of
• the Coronet, known for his
• loud, clear tone and his
• freewheeling style. No
• recordings of his playing
• have survived.

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RED HOT JAZZ IN THE RED LIGHT DISTRICT

• Many early jazz musicians got their start working
  in bordellos in New Orleans infamous Storyville
  District. After Storyville was closed in 1917,
  many of these musicians made
• their way to Chicago, spreading Jazz northward.

Jelly Roll Morton
Joe King Oliver
Louis Armstrong
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First Jazz Recording

• In 1917, The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, a
  white group, made the first jazz recording,
  Livery Stable Blues. Freddy Keppard, a black
  bandleader, had been offered the chance to make
  the first jazz record, but refused because he was
  afraid others would copy
• his style.

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SWING

• Swing originated in Kansas City and Harlem in the
  late 1920s and became a national craze. The
  average big band had 15 members, while the music
  was often written to showcase soloists who were
  supported by the ensemble.

Venues such as the Cotton Club and the Savoy were
packed every night. Swings popularity lasted
into the mid 1940s.
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THE KING OF SWING
Duke Ellington Edward Kennedy Ellington was
born on April 29, 1899 in Washington, D.C. and
formed his first group in 1917. He and his group
won national fame when they were broadcast live
from the Cotton Club in 1923. Duke Ellington and
his band went on to play everywhere from New York
to New Delhi, Chicago to Cairo, and Los Angeles
to London. Ellington and his band played with
such greats as Miles Davis, Cab Calloway, Dizzy
Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, and Louis Armstrong.
Ultimately, they entertained everyone from Queen
Elizabeth II to President Nixon. Before passing
away in 1974, Duke Ellington wrote and recorded
hundreds of musical compositions, all of which
will continue to have a lasting effect upon
people worldwide for a long time to come.
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AND HIS COURT
Other hot bandleaders included
Benny Goodman
Count Basie
Artie Shaw
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Swing Soloists

• Many talented musicians, both Black and White,
  first gained fame while appearing with one of the
  big bands. The bands were integrated long before
  the concert halls were!

Ella Fitzgerald
Billie Holiday
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BOP

• Revolting against the confining nature of swing,
  Bop (originally bebop) gained prominence in the
  mid-40s. Bop got its start in Kansas City and
  Harlem. The top bop musicians included

Thelonius Monk
Dizzy Gillespie
Charlie Bird Parker
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PROGRESSIVE JAZZ

• Progressive, or Cool, Jazz developed primarily
• on the West Coast in the late
• 1940s and early 50s.

Dave Brubeck
Miles Davis
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NEO-BOP

• In the mid-1950s, a form of neo-bop, or hard-bop,
  rose to
• prominence on the East Coast. Small groups led
  by John
• Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Cannonball Adderley, Art
  Blakey, and
• Max Roach (pictured below, from left to right)
  made music
• marked by crackling, explosive, and
  uncompromising intensity.

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FUSION

• In the late 1960s, many jazz musicians explored
  the
• connections between rock and jazz in a musical
  style called
• Fusion. The musicians included Keith Jarrett,
  Wayne
• Shorter, and Chick Corea. One of the most
  influential
• records from this time is Miles Davis Bitches
  Brew.

Keith Jarrett
Chick Corea
Wayne Shorter
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JAZZ

• Jazz continues to be a powerful and vibrant
  musical form. In slightly more than 100 years,
  it has given birth to approximately two dozen
  distinct Jazz styles.

The real power of Jazzis that a group of people
can come together and create improvised art and
negotiate their agendasand that negotiation is
the art. Wynton Marsalis from Jazz, a film by
Ken Burns
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Images Reference List

• Slide One
• Jazz5. Retrieved October 10, 2004 from
  http//www.insoglas.pl/fo/duze/jazz5.jpg
• Slide Three
• New Orleans, drawing, aerial view. (1852)
  reproduction number 18892. Retrieved September
  17, 2004 from http//memory.loc.gov.
• Slide Four
• Congo square. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.rollesrock.com/011to20be20put20on20
  web/New_Orleans/pages/congo20square.htm
• Slide Five
• Scott Joplin. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.new-art-sax.com/Biographien/bio_jop2.ht
  m
• Searchlight rag. (1907). Retrieved September 17,
  2004 from http//scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/sheetmus
  ic/b/b04/b0424/

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• Slide Five, Continued
• The entertainer. (1902) Retrieved September 17,
  2004 from http//www.wondersmith.com/heroes/music.
  htm
• Something doing. Retrieved September 17, 2004
  from http//falcon.tamucc.edu/dblanke/David20Bla
  nke.htm
• Slide Six
• Buddy Bolden. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/5135/Bolden
  .html
• Slide Seven
• Jelly Roll Morton. Retrieved September 17, 2004
  from http//www.naviquest.com/ images/newsimgs/ama
  zon_jelly-roll_morton_27aug01_150.jpg
• Louis Armstrong. Retrieved September 18, 2004
  from http//www.allaboutjazz.com/louis_armstrong2.
  jpg
• King Oliver. Retrieved October 10, 2004 from
  http//www.choice.50megs.com/jazz/photo/Joe20King
  20Oliver.jpg

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• Slide Eight
• Lopez, R. Nunez, A. (1917) Livery stable blues.
  reproduction number Music 879. Retrieved
  September 17, 2004 from http//scriptorium.lib.duk
  e.edu/sheetmusic/n /n08/n0879/
• Slide Nine
• Savoy. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.uky.edu/StudentOrgs/HKSDC/Savoy.jpg
• Savoy dancers. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.uky.edu/StudentOrgs/HKSDC/SavoyDancers.
  jpg
• Slide Ten
• Duke Ellington. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/11.04.99/
  gifs/ellington-9944.jpg
• Slide Eleven
• Benny Goodman. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.uv201.com/Photo20Pages/bandleaders.htm
  
• Count Basie. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.apassion4jazz.net/images/basie.jpg
• Artie Shaw. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.swingmusic.net/Shaw_Artie.html

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• Slide Twelve
• Billie Holiday. Retrieved October 10, 2004 from
  http//www.freedomtrail.org/images/billyholiday.jp
  g
• Ella Fitzgerald. Retrieved September 18, 2004
  from http//www.j-notes.com/myimages/ella8.jpg
• Slide Thirteen
• Charlie Bird Parker. Retrieved September 17,
  2004 from http//www.drbop.com/newbop/newadd/jazzp
  ics1/chp1.gif
• Thelonius Monk. Retrieved September 17, 2004 from
  http//www.drbop.com/newbop/newadd/jazzpics1/Monk
  1947_120.jpg
• Dizzy Gillespie. Retrieved September 17, 2004
  from http//www.drbop.com/newbop/newadd/jazzpics1/
  Diz1946_1_120.jpg
• Slide Fourteen
• Dave Brubeck. Retrieved September 18, 2004 from
  http//www.jazzbang.com/artist/img/davebrubeck4.jp
  g
• Miles Davis. Retrieved September 18, 2004 from
  http//www.silentowl.com/final/images/miles.jpg

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• Slide Fifteen
• John Coltrane. Retrieved October 9, 2004 from
  http//image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pi
  x/arts/2002/12/05/coltrane1.jpg
• Sonny Rollins. Retrieved October 9, 2004 from
  http//www.poegilly.com/Jazz_Grates/images/Sonny_R
  ollins.jpg
• Cannonball Adderley. Retrieved October 10, 2004
  from http//www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/02_03/bh/ca/ca.
  jpg
• Art Blakey. Retrieved October 10, 2004 from
  http//cctr.umkc.edu/rbennett/blakey2.gif
• Max Roach. Retrieved October 9, 2004 from
  http//www2.musicpictures.com/pictures/100_orig/HE
  R008_Max_ROACH_P.JPG
• Slide Sixteen
• Wayne Shorter. Retrieved October 9, 2004 from
  http//www2.musicpictures.com/pictures/100_orig/PB
  1002_Wayne_SHORTER_P.JPG
• Keith Jarrett. Retrieved October 9, 2004 from
  http//www.musicclub.it/giugno2001/images/keith20
  jarrett.jpg
• Chick Corea. Retrieved October 9, 2004 from
  http//www.grabow.biz/images/Chick20Corea.jpg

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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• http//www.apassion4jazz.net/
• http//www.pbs.org/jazz/kids/
• http//www.pbs.org/jazz/index.htm