History of Hotels

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History of Hotels
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Hospitality

• From the French word hospice
• to provide for the weary
• take care of those traveling

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Early Hospitality

• Greek/Roman culture
• Noted as early as 40 BC
• Code of Hammurabi
• Social and religious purposes
• After the Fall of the Roman Empire civilized
  tourism began to re-emerge around 1500.
• During the Dark Ages lost of civilization
• Coffee houses
• Sober up citizenry

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16th and 17th Century

• Standard Design was used for construction lodging
  facilities
• Individual rooms VIP
• Tavern
• Common area for servants
• Stables
• Courtyard in center of plan

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The New World(19th Century)

• Marked by Technological Innovations
• Indoor Plumbing Astor Hotel, NYC
• Architectural design that allowed more rooms
  The Palace, San Francisco
• Indoor lighting Astor Hotel, NYC
• Telephones
• Development of Resorts
• Homestead Hot Springs, VA
• Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs, WV
• The Grand Hotel Mackinaw Island, MI

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Nineteenth Century

• 1898 Savoy Hotel opened in London
• General Manager was Cesar Ritz
• Chef was Auguste Escoffier
• Together these men set the standard for
  world-class service

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Lodging (Hotel) Sector
Range of lodging property alternatives

• Destination resorts
• Full-Service Hotels
• Mid-Service Hotels
• Limited Service Hotels

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Close Look at Lodging Organizations
Year 2000 Property / Room Breakdown
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Typical Lodging Guests
transient business travelers
28.8
attending a conference/ group meeting
25.3
traveling for other reasons (for example,
personal, family, or special event)
24.6
vacation
21.8
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Lodging Industry Characteristics

• Emphasis on safety, cleanliness service
• intangible aspects of the purchase decision
• Inseparability of manufacture sales
• A room exists is sold at the same site
• Perishability
• No possibility to inventory
• Repetitiveness
• Service tasks are repeated daily
• Labor Intensive
• Difficult to reduce labor required to provide
  customer service

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Operating Challenges

• Labor Shortages
• Recruiting and Retaining employees
• Cost Containment
• Doing more with less
• Increased Competition
• Commodity

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Marketing Challenges

• Market segmentation
• Blurring of brand differences
• Sophisticated consumers
• Pressure to increase services/amenities

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Technological Challenges

• Online reservations
• Innovative services in guest rooms
• Data mining
• Revenue Management