Oil in History

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Oil in History
History of Offshore Oil Extraction
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The need for light
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The petroleum industry grew through the 1800s
becoming a leading international industry as the
20th century progressed. Todays top 3 oil
producing countries Saudi
Arabia Russia United States

1950s
Timeline
1853
1858
1891
1896
1937
1961
2000
1946
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80 of the worlds accessible reserves are in the
Middle East.
Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Iraq Qatar
Kuwait
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1950s
1853
1858
1891
1896
1937
1961
2000
1946
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Kansas 1911 note all the wooden barrels.
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1919 Tanker used by Texaco
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In 1933 the process of locating oil (exploratory
drilling) was revolutionized when a
barge-mounted rig was designed to be moved from
one location to the next with relative
ease. This was the first mobile drilling unit.
1950s
1853
1858
1891
1896
1911
1961
2000
1930s
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19471stbeyond the horizon oil rig.
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By 1949, 11 fields were found in the Gulf of
Mexico with 44 exploratory wells.Compared to
today 3,858 active platforms
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CUSS 1 drillship
1950s
1853
1858
1891
1896
1911
1961
2000
1930s
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Deepwater Horizon was a semi-submersible oil rig.
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There are specific platforms that perform better
in particular water depths.
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Harsh conditions remote locations
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Environmental risks
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Largest Offshore Oil Rig Spills
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Montara, Australia, 2009
An oil well in the Timor Sea, off the coast of
Western Australia, began leaking, and the
platform subsequently caught fire. The well
spewed oil for more than two months, leaking as
much as 2,000 barrels a day (6,216,000 gallons)
for 74 days before it was capped, making it one
of the worst spills in Australian history.
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Nowruz oil field, Persian Gulf, 1983
A tanker hit a rig off the coast of Iran, and the
rig began leaking 1,500 barrels a day. Because
Iran and Iraq were at war, the oil flow was not
stopped, and the platform was later attacked by
Iraqi warplanes. Later, a second platform was
attacked, and initially spilled 5,000 barrels a
day before slowing to 1,500. Two years passed
before Iran capped the wells, but by then over
733,000 barrels (30,786,000 gallons) of oil
spilled into the Persian Gulf.
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Santa Barbara, Calif., 1969 
A blowout at a well five miles off the coast of
Santa Barbara caused a leak that flowed for 11
days and 80,000 to 100,000 barrels (46,200,000
gallons) were released. According to a report by
the University of California, Santa Barbara, the
spill affected 800 square miles of ocean and
coated 35 miles of coastline with oil.
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Ixtoc I oil spill, Gulf of Mexico, 1979
Generally considered the fourth largest oil
spill in history, the Ixtoc spill occurred when
the Mexican state-owned Pemex was drilling an
exploratory well in shallow water in the Bay of
Campeche. The Ixtoc suffered a blowout, and more
than 3 million barrels (126,000,000 gallons) of
oil gushed from the well for more than nine
months before engineers were able to cap it. The
spill contaminated more than 162 miles of beach
in Texas.
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Gulf of Mexico, 2010
The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded due
to a methane gas release on April, 20, 2010,
immediately killing 11 and injuring 17 platform
workers. On July 15, 2010, the leak was stopped,
however 206 million gallons of oil had already
spilled into the Gulf. In addition to the oil,
more than 1.8 million gallons of dispersant were
released into the Gulf.
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• List of Oil Spills
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oil_spills