THE XXI CENTURY TRASPORTS LINK BETWEEN EUROPE AND AFRICA

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THE XXI CENTURY TRASPORTS

• LINK BETWEEN EUROPE AND AFRICA
• Italy, bridge across Mediterranean Sea

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Great buildings in the past and present time

• YESTERDAY
• To connect the oceans (Panama, Suez)
• Powerful states, owners of powerful fleets
• Through parallels
• The courses to East
• TODAY
• To connect the Countries
• Also through meridians
• Gibraltar and Mazara two borderlands of Europe

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THE STRAIT OF MESSINA BRIDGE

• Link between Italian regions and/or hinge between
  two continents ?
• It will promote the change of goods transport
  from road to railway

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SUBMARINE TUNNELS

• Existing tunnels
• Sei-Kan Tunnel (Japan)
• Eurotunnel (France England)
• Tokyo Bay (Aqualine) Tunnel (Japan)
• Future tunnels
• Tsushima-Kaikyo (strait) and Korean strait
• Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain)
• Bering Strait (Russia-USA)

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SEI KAN

• 53.850 m length, existing from 1988 section

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SEI - KAN

• Profile

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EUROTUNNEL

• section

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EUROTUNNEL

• Upgrading works (Stratford-Dover, in progress)

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TOKYO BAY- TUNNEL

• Profile

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TOKYO BAY- TUNNEL

• Bridge and artificial island Kaseno-to

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TOKYO BAY- TUNNEL

• Humi - Hotaru artificial island and bridge

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GIBRALTAR TUNNEL

• PLAN

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GIBRALTAR TUNNEL

• PLAN AND SECTION

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GIBRALTAR TUNNEL

• PROFILE

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BERING TUNNEL

• Russia USA and two Diomedes islands

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KOREA - JAPAN TUNNEL

• in project 120 km length, 5 islands

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Sicily Africa tunnel track
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Sicily - Africa profile,
plan, section
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ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS

• Channel of Sicily, is it possible to build a 130
  km long tunnel ?
• Artificial islands, Japanese experience,
  environment damage or benefit ?

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REALIZATION

• Heads and islands
• TBM machines
• Scheme and performances

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RESULTS IN THE TIME

• Why only goods and services
• ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
• Building yard time
• North Africa productions, quality and quantity
  changes
• Removal of industries
• Increase of peoples incomes and fundamental
  consumptions

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STAGES

• Research and feasibility project
• Constituting Consortia and finding investors
• Technical project and work planning
• Tunnel heads, islands and links realization
• Drilling phase
• Realization of systems and plants

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Technical data and performances of the Sicily
Tunisia tunnel

• -Total length 150 km.
• -Submarine portion length 136 km.
• - Two galleries (one for each way) with 7.6 m
  diameter, and a 45 m distance between them.
• - Gallery of exploration/service 4.8 m diameter
  in central position between the transit
  galleries.
• - Practicable total bypass connections every
  375m.
• - Aerodynamic bypass every 200 m.
• -Electric supply at the ends linked with national
  Tunisian/Italian power nets. At least two power
  stations at the artificial islands.

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PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION

• The realization of the tunnel, by analogy with
  similar works, is divided in 4 phases at least
• - Geologic research and executive project,
  planning and commissioning (for a period of about
  4 years).
• The works for the construction of the tunnel
  include three phases (for an estimable length of
  about 7 years)
• - Positioning of 4 platforms for the building
  of artificial islands (well technique) and
  beginning of the realization of the heads
  (Pizzolato and Cape Bon terminals).
• - digging of the different portions of the
  tunnel (5 long sections) and building of
  artificial islands.
• - installation of all the technical plants
  (ventilation systems, drain systems )

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GOODS TRANSPORT ACROSS MEDITERRANEAN SEA