AF Perspective Research --Long Range Needs Site Selection

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AF Perspective

• Research --Long Range Needs
• Site Selection, Improved Construction,
  Stabilization
• Results in FY 07 or later
• Good project if constructing new airfield
• Based on OIF/OEF, Majority will be existing
  Airfields
• Immediate Needs
• Standardized Repair Concepts and Procedures
• Off the Shelf Material to accomplish rapid
  repairs
• Fast Setting, high strength material
• Improved procedures/techniques
• ADR Kits Certified for C-17
• Improved Materials for Rapid Apron Expansion
• Dust Control

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OEF Requirements Airfield Damage
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OEF Requirements Airfield Damage
Impact on Aircraft Operations ?
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OEF Requirements Airfield Damage
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OEF Requirements Airfield Damage
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OEF Requirements Substandard Local
Methods/Materials
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OEF Requirements Suitability of Repairs
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OEF Airfield Damage Repair Joint ADR Conference,
Mar 02

• General Concerns
• Need joint guidance and doctrine
• Repair methods vary from service to service
• Services unfamiliar with other services repair
  methods, kits, and equipment
• Services uncertain which aircraft can operate on
  which repairs, no clear guidance for wide-body
  aircraft
• Need updated ADR methods and equipment
• Some units tasked to repair and move on, but must
  have maintenance crews on site to maintain
  operability of airfield repairsOnce it is fixed,
  is it fixed?
• If we fix it, will you come?

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OEF Airfield Damage Repair Lessons Learned

• Damage Repair Problems
• How to deal with inadequate or substandard crater
  repair materials
• Limited sources of aggregate/backfill material
• Availability of type 3 cement
• Freezing temperatures
• Concrete caps unsuccessful, raveling
• How to repair spalls
• Current materials limited by shelf life
• Materials difficult to use fast cure times, too
  sensitive to changes in water/cement ratios
• Repairs unsuccessful, popping out

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OEF Airfield Damage Repair Lessons Learned

• Current Airfield Damage Repair methods have not
  been certified for C-17 operations.
• Repair equipment must be light weight,
  air-transportable. Will this equipment provide
  adequate compaction to support C-17 operations?
• Repair procedures must consider quality of repair
  materials. Locally available materials may be
  less than ideal.
• Repairs must consider surface roughness.
• FOD covers have not been tested. Should be
  tested to see if they are structurally adequate
  or capable of supporting C-17 loads for limited
  operations. Panel connections and anchoring
  systems must also be tested.
• C-17s are landing on unsurfaced repairs in the
  AOR. These repairs require constant maintenance
  and limit operations.

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OEF Airfield Damage Repair Lessons Learned

• Current Rapid Runway Repair kits must be
  upgraded.
• FOD covers in existing kits are large and require
  the use of special material handling equipment
  for assembly/disassembly.
• Repair kits are bulky and not easily transported.
• Existing anchoring systems may be inadequate.
• The kits need to be redesigned to facilitate
  rapid air transport, assembly, and anchoring.

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OEF Airfield Damage Repair Lessons Learned

• Maintenance personnel need to know what kind of
  expedient repair materials are available, along
  with their recommended uses and limitations.
• Current available off-the-shelf spall and small
  crater repair materials must be identified and
  evaluated.
• Products must have good volume stability, bonding
  and strength characteristics, and must be
  user-friendly (simple to mix and place).

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OEF Airfield Damage Repair Lessons Learned

• Large area FOD reduction.
• Where FOD is a concern, there are currently a
  limited number of options to mitigate. Repair
  mats and/or FOD covers were designed for
  localized repairs.
• FOD and excessive dust are produced when areas
  are subjected to aircraft loads and jet/propeller
  blast.
• Need to identify materials and/or methods to
  reduce FOD potential in large areas, both those
  subjected to aircraft operations and adjacent
  non-traffic areas.

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OEF Airfield Damage Repair Lessons Learned

• Advanced Runway Mat.
• AM-2 mat has serious deficiencies which limit
  runway use in repair applications. AM-2 is
  generally inadequate for wide-body aircraft
  operations due to
• Thickness prevents near-flush repairs, violates
  surface roughness criteria.
• Insufficient anchoring system, narrow patch
  width, and susceptibility to separation during
  hard braking.
• An alternative mat should be developed that is
  thin to meet roughness criteria, yet strong to
  withstand aircraft impact, turning, and braking.
  It must be light weight and easily transported.

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Airfield Damage Repair UFC 3-270-07

• Published Tri-Service Unified Facilities
  Criteria (UFC) 3-270-07, OMAirfield Damage
  Repair
• Outlines the various services ADR concept of
  operations. Addresses airfield pavement repairs.
• Identifies technical representatives for each
  service
• Defines suitability of repair methods for
  airfield surfaces and aircraft types.
• Describes crater repair procedures and FOD
  covers.
• Provides guidance on repair evaluation/acceptance
  criteria.
• Provides index of publications and service
  specific references.

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Expedient Crater Repair Typical Crater Section
Repair Diameter
Apparent Diameter
Ejecta
5'
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Expedient Crater Repair Crushed Stone Method
Crushed Stone Method When subsurface debris is
suitable
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Expedient Crater Repair Crushed Stone Method
Crushed Stone Repair
Final repair surface, level and flush with
existing pavement Ready for use, with or
without FOD cover
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Expedient Crater Repair Sand Grid Method
Sand Grid Method
Place two layers of sand-grids, and fill Compact
and grade flush with pavement
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Expedient Crater Repair Sand Grid Method
Sand Grid Method
Assemble FOD Cover and anchor in place
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Expedient Crater Repair Folded Fiberglass Mat
FOD Covers
Air Force Folded Fiberglass Mat (FFM) FOD Cover
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Expedient Crater Repair Fiberglass Reinforced
Polyester
FOD Covers
Army Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester (FRP) FOD
Cover
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Expedient Crater Repair Fiberglass Reinforced
Plastic
Navy Marine Corps
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Expedient Crater Repair AM-2 Mat
FOD Covers
AM-2 Mat FOD Cover
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Dust
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What we need to do

• Test kits to determine capability to support C-17
• Standardize repair kits
• Standardize procedures
• Develop Off-The-Shelf repair material
• Pavemend
• Dust Control

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Airfield Damage Repair Questions ?