World War 2 and it’s Aftermath

1
World War 2 and its Aftermath

• Chapter 31

2
Setting the Scene

• In 1930s Dictators from Spain, Germany, Italy
  and Japanese militarists pursued ambitious goals
  for the empire.
• Westerners on the other hand were tired and
  against war.
• Voters demanded no more war. U.S. , Britain,
  and France tried to use diplomacy to avoid
  conflict and war.

3
Dictators Challenge World Peace

• People strongly believed the peace policies In
  that were in affect would work.

4
Japan on the Move

• Japanese military leaders and ultranationalists
  thought that Japan should have an empire equal to
  those of the western powers.

5
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

• In the face of what appeared to be democratic
  struggle and weakness , Germany, Italy, and Japan
  formed the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis.
• This was intended to fight the Soviet communism
  and agreed to not interfere in the expansion of
  each others empires. This was to later fuel the
  war against democracy.

6
Spanish Civil War

• Although the Spanish war was a local war, It will
  later draw Europeans into the Fighting.

7

• In the 1920s Spain had a diverse class system.
  It was ruled mainly by a monarchy and landowning
  upper class. But like most countries with this
  system, the majority of the people were peasants.
  
• The peasants of Spain decided to revolt, the King
  fled and then the people of Spain set up a
  Republic.

8

• A General named Francisco Franco led a reform
  that sparked a Civil war. He wanted to restore
  Spain to the way it was before, a monarchy.
• Since the Axis countries were all ruled by a
  fascist or nationalist government. They wanted
  Spain's monarchy to return to power. Either to
  help their cause or to prevent another democracy
  popping up to oppose them.

9
German Aggression Continues

• Hitler the dictator of Germany instated the
  Anschluss, or the joining between Germany and
  Austria.
• Just before that Hitler forced the leader of
  Austria to appoint Nazis into high ranking
  political positions.

10

• Next country on Germanys mind was Czechoslovakia
  .
• First Hitler pleaded that three million Germans
  in the Sudetenland, a region in western
  Czechoslovakia.
• This was one of the last 2 democracies in Eastern
  Europe.
• France and England didnt think it was worth
  going to war over to save it . You will begin to
  see inactivity like this grow throughout the war,
  along with the death toll.

11

• In the Munich conference in 1938, Britain and
  France persuaded Czechs to surrender the land
  without a fight with the assurance of Hitler that
  he would invade no more land.

12
Europe Plunges Toward War

• In 1939 Hitler had overtaken all of
  Czechoslovakia.
• They vowed to protect Poland, Hitler's next most
  probable target.

13
Nazi-Soviet Pact

• In August 1939 Hitler surprisingly announced a
  nonaggression pact with Joseph Stalin and the
  Soviet Union.
• They agreed to not fight the other if they went
  to war and to split up Poland and Eastern Europe
  between them.

14

• A week after the pact was signed Germany invaded
  Poland.
• Britain and France declared war on Germany.
• All the countries stood still to see what would
  happen as the largest war in Europe unfolded.

15
Setting The Scene

• Hitler will collapse the day we declare war on
  Germany for tolled a French General on the eve
  of WWll.

16
Early Axis Gains

• Germany unleashed its full potential of its
  military September 1, 1939 Nazi forces stormed
  into Poland. German planes bombed everything.
  Their screaming dive bombers took out civilians
  and troops.
• Within a month Poland no longer existed on the
  map of Europe.
• Through the winter there was not much further
  action from Hitler . Soviets however made small
  advancements taking small countries like
  Lithuania and a few others.

17
France Falls

• German forces poured into France. Mainly towards
  Paris. Italy declared war on France and attacked
  from the south. Hitler forced France to sign the
  surrender documents in the same railroad car
  which Germany had signed the armistice ending
  World War 1.

18
The Battle of Britain and the Blitz

• France fell in June 1940 leaving Britain standing
  alone.
• Hitler assumed that Churchill, the prime minister
  of Britain, would surrender now. Churchill a
  rival of Nazis refused and vowed to stand strong.

19
The London Blitz

• Beginning on August 12 1940, German Bombers began
  a daily bombing of England's southern coast. The
  British air force fought almost successfully
  .(operation Sea Lion)
• Because of this the Germans changed their
  strategy. Every night they send massive carpet
  bombings over important capitals of which
  including London. The bombing lasted 57 nights
  and killed 15,000 civilians.

20
The First and Costliest Mistake

• The London Blitz was a Failure.
• Hitler stopped his attacks on Britain and
  launched them on the Soviet Union, their ally and
  soon to be former ally.
• This gave Britain time to recover and served as
  the most sever mistake Hitler will make in his
  war efforts.

21
Operation Barbarossa

• June 1941, Hitler begins his attempt to conquest
  Soviet Union.

22
The German Advance

• German troops poured into the Soviet and caught
  Stalin off guard.
• Soviet retreated inward, and burned all homes,
  farm equipment, and poured salt on farms leaving
  nothing for advancing Germans.

23
American Involvement Grows

• When the war Began in 1939 The United Stated
  declared its neutrality.
• American held a ban on Japanese war materials
  which anger Japan.
• Japan and the United States held talks to reduce
  tension.

24
Attack on Pearl Harbor

• December 7, 1941, Japanese airplanes damaged or
  destroyed 10 ships, smashed American planes on
  the ground and killed more than 2,400 people.

25
Jews and Concentration Camps

• Hitler considered races other than Aryan to be
  inferior.
• Especially the Jews . He made death camps for the
  final solution to the Jew problem.

26
The Allied War Effort

• The Big Three met periodically ( Roosevelt,
  Churchill, and Stalin) they all agreed to finish
  the war in Europe then move to Asia.

27
Total War

• Like the Axis powers, the Allies were determined
  to instrument total war.
• The United States told factories to halt
  refrigerators and cars but instead to make tanks
  and planes.
• This also helped provide jobs for people who
  struggled during the depression.

28
Invasion of Italy

• After victory in North Africa the Allies leapt
  over the Mediterranean and invaded Italy.

29
Invasion of France

• France at this time was under German control. So
  the Allies had to get it back as their first step
  to conquering the axis powers.
• They chose June 6,1944 to begin doing just that.
  The day will that is called D-day . The United
  States landed paratrooper soldiers in at night
  then the next day landed troop crawlers on the
  shore from the English channel. The troops had to
  fight through machine gun fire all the way to
  Paris.

30
War In the Pacific

• While the Allies focused their strength on
  Europe, Japan thrived conquering most of Asia and
  many island completely uncontested. By the time
  Allies took control of most of Europe, Japan had
  a huge empire in Asia.
• Most of the battles were fought on islands or on
  the sea. There weren't that many infantry battles
  but all airplanes and ships.

31

• By mid 1945 most of Japans forces have been
  depleated.
• Yet Japan still had an army of 2 million men.
• Refugee and other scientists developed a new
  weapon, the Atom bomb.
• When compared to infantry to infantry battles
  this new weapon became more appealing as
  President Harry Truman was informed about this
  option.

32

• Truman warned Japan to surrender or face utter
  and complete destruction.
• On August 6,1945 an American plane dropped and
  atomic bomb on the mid-sized city of Hiroshima.
• It instantly killed more than 70,000 people . Not
  even counting the nuclear radiation that killed
  thousands more in later years.

33

• Japanese still didnt surrender and the United
  States dropped another atomic bomb on the city of
  Nagasaki. Killing more than 40,000.
• Finally on August 10 emperor Hirohito forced his
  country to surrender.

34
Regent Question 1

• 33)The Japanese, the Germans, and the Italians
  pursued a policy of expansionism, before World
  War ll to gain
• 1natural rescources
• 2warm water ports
• 3Manufacturing plants
• 4freedom of the seas

35
Regents Question 1 ANSWER

• 1

36
Regents Question 2

• 34)Which Statement is most accurate concerning
  the effect of geography on the history of Poland?
• 1natural barriers have isolated and protected
  Poland.
• 2the northern European plain has made Poland
  vulnerable to invasion
• 3Mountains have restricted the diffusion of
  Polish culture.
• 4The absence of seaports has limited Polish
  economic growth

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Regents question 2 ANSWER

• 2

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Regents question 3

• 35)The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and
  Hitlers rebuilding of the German military in
  1935 demonstrate the
• 1success of defensive alliances
• 2fear of communist expansion
• 3support for the Treaty of Versailles
• 4failure of the League of Nations

39
Regents question 3 ANSWER

• 4

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Regents question 4

• 36)Which action illustrates the concept of
  genocide?
• 1the British negotiating peace with Adolf Hitler
  during the 1938 Munich Conference
• 2Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signing a
  nonaggression pact in 1939
• 3the Nazi armies eliminating the Jews and other
  groups as part of Adolf Hitlers Final Solution
• 4German generals plotting against Adolf Hitler

41
Regents question 4 ANSWER

• 3

42
Regents question 5

• 39)The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to
• 1restore Japanese economic development
• 2provide military aid to Middle Easter allies
• 3assure nationalist success in the Chinese civil
  war
• 4provide for economic recovery in Western Europe

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Regents question 5 ANSWER

• 4

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• ALL Questions from January 2003 REGENTS