The President and

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The President and Foreign Policy.
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Foreign Policy may be composed of many
elements isolationism police
action neutrality war foreign
aid diplomacy economic sanctions political
pressure blockade military intervention covert
action
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In 1799, Representative Marshall said on the
floor of Congress The president is the sole
tool of the nation in its external relations, and
its sole representative with foreign nations.
Marshall would later be Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, and the Court has upheld this
attitude.
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Constitutional powers of president in foreign
policy appoint ambassadors (Senate
ratifies) serve as commander-in-chief negotiate
treaties (2/3 Senate vote ratifies) Presidents
often use implied powers
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The President has much more influence in foreign
policy then in domestic policy. The public tends
to support the President in a foreign policy
crisis, especially if it is short term. If the
crisis continues for a long period of time, the
public becomes skeptical and may lose interest.
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• In 1947, the National Security Council (NSC) was
  created to assist the president in coordinating
  foreign defense policy.
• Members
• President
• Vice President
• Secretary of State
• National Security Advisor
• Secretary of Defense
• Advisor to council include CIA Director
  Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff

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There are several factors that determine the
Presidents decisions in foreign policy
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External Decision Makers Example President
Carter had to take into consideration the
American hostages that were held in captivity by
Iran. He could not make a decision about foreign
policy without having to think about the hostages.
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Time Available Urgency of situation FDR asked
for an immediate declaration of war on Japan
after Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7,
1941.
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Style of Decision-Making Kennedy had a close
group of personal friends who he had attended
college with these were known as The Harvard
Club.
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