Organize and Connect Specific Evidence Body paragraphs

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Organize and Connect Specific EvidenceBody
paragraphs
3103 is so easy! 20 more papers and Ill be
trough!

• 3rd Step in Essay Writing
• Textbok Langans (pp 76-94)
• Wyricks (pp.
  69-75)
• Practice Exercises 95-99

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Preview

• Topic sentences (ts)
• Body paragraphs (BP) support
• Transitional Expressions (TE)
• a. comparison and contrast
• b. time sequence/ chronological order
• c. introducing examples
• d. to number or to include more
  information
• e. cause and effect
• Putting it all together

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Lets Review Heres an example of one
introductory paragraph

• Challenges in Life
• May the force be with you was George
  Lucas famous expression for his Jedi Knights on
  the classic movie Star Wars. He was more than
  right when you think about those words to deal
  with everyday life. ______________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______________________________________(TS).
  Taking a College Board Exam, going through a job
  interview, or simply entering college for the
  first time are some real challenges in which you,
  definitely, need the force to be with you.

Now, you must go to your first body paragraph!
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Topic Sentences the 1st sentence of each BP

• The very first sentence in each body paragraph.
• They come from the plan of development used in
  your thesis statement. (three ideas listed in PS)
• As you are generating the specific details
  needed to support a thesis, you should think
  about ways to organize and connect those details.
  All the details in your essay must cohere, or
  stick together, so that your reader will be able
  to move smoothly from one bit of supporting
  information to the next.
• Lets look at the next examples

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Topic sentencesYour topic sentences should look
like this at first!

• This section shows you how to organize and
  connect supporting details by using
• common methods of organization
• Transitions
• Other connecting words

• Taking a College Board Exam is a great challenge
  in life.
• Going through a job interview is very
  challenging.
• Entering college for the first time is one of
  the great challenges in life.

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Methods of organization

• Time order
• details are listed as they occurred in time
• (first, next, then, after that, and so on)
• Emphatic order
• It is a way to put emphasis on the most
  interesting or important detail by placing it in
  the last paragraph. Save the best for last.

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Transitional Expressions

• Transitions signal the direction of a writers
  thought. They are like the road signs that guide
  travelers.
• You must use them at the beginning of each body
  paragraph in each topic sentence. YOU MUST!
• They can be used everywhere else in the essay as
  well!
• Lets look at the following examples!

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(No Transcript)
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Read the following essay and fill in the blanks
with the appropriate transitional expression
(from the boxes)Then, classify the expressions
according to their categories. (12 points)

• Annoying People
• President Richard Nixon used to keep an
  enemies list of all people he didnt especially
  like. Im ashamed to confess it, but I too, have
  an enemies list a mental one. On this list are
  all the people I would gladly live without, the
  ones who cause my blood pressure to rise to the
  boiling point. The top three places in this list
  go to people with annoying nervous habits, people
  who talk in movie theaters, and people who talk
  on car phones while driving.
• __________, there are the people with annoying
  nervous habits. ____________, there are the ones
  who make faces. When in deep thought, they
  twitch, and frown, and they can be a real
  distraction when Im trying to concentrate during
  an exam.
• (continues on the next slide)

BP 1 a. For example b. First of all
c. Another d. However
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Continuation of BP 1

• _________ type of nervous character makes
  useless designs. These people bend paper clips
  into abstract sculptures or string the clips into
  necklaces as they talk. ___________ neither of
  these groups is bad as the people who make
  noises. These individuals, when uncomfortable,
  bite their fingernails, or crack their knuckles.
  If they have a pencil in their hands, they tap it
  rhythmically against whatever surface is handy a
  desk, a book, a head. Lacking a pencil to play
  with, they jingle the loose change or keys in
  their pockets. These people are way too annoying
  for me.
• A __________ category of people I would
  gladly do away with is the ones who talk in movie
  theaters. These people are not content to sit
  back, relax, and enjoy the film they have paid to
  see. ________ they feel compelled to comment
  loudly on everything from the heros hairstyle to
  the appropriateness of the background music.
  ________, no one hears a word of any dialog
  except theirs. _________they have been in the
  theater for a while, their interest in the movie
  may fade.

BP 2 a. On the contrary b. Then c. As a
result d. After e. second
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Continuation of BP 2

• _______ they will start discussing other things,
  and the people around them will be treated to an
  instant replay of the latest family scandal or
  soap-opera episode. These stories may be
  entertaining, but they dont belong in a movie
  theater.
• _______, there are the people who talk on the
  phone while theyre driving. One of the things
  that irritate me about them is the way they seem
  to be showing off. Theyre saying, Look at me!
  Im so important I have to make phone calls in my
  car. ______, such behavior is just plain
  dangerous. Instead of focusing on the traffic,
  theyre zigzagging all over the road or bumping
  into other cars. So long as murder remains
  illegal, the nervous twitchers, movie talkers,
  and car phone users of the world are safe from
  me. _________, if ever I am granted the power of
  life and death, these people had better think
  twice about annoying me. I bet they would change
  their habits afterwards!
• (essay taken from Langans textbook)

BP 3 a. In addition b. Nevertheless c.
Last of all
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Transitional Exp. (cont.)

• Concluding signals (in summary, in conclusion,
  finally, to conclude, last of all, then, and
  others)
• Now, its time to go back and revise our topic
  sentences with good and effective TEs!
• First of all, taking a College Board Exam is a
  great challenge in life.
• In addition to the College Board Exam, going
  through a job interview is also very challenging.
• Last but not least, entering college for the
  first time is one of the greatest challenges in
  life.

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Body Paragraphs (use of transitional
expressions)Body paragraph no. 1
3103It was so nice back in high school

• First of all, taking the College Board
  Exam is a
• great challenge in life. To begin with, you
  have to study all the math, Spanish and English
  skills that you have learned throughout your 12
  years of education. Besides the studying and
  reviewing, you have to remember a lot of details,
  formulas, and a lot of vocabulary. Not only the
  academic skills post a challenge, but also the
  physical and mental stress are present while
  taking the exam itself. In addition to all this,
  the duration of the test (a full day of eight
  hours), and the expectations of the results make
  this test a real challenge in life.

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Its Time to Practice! Quiz Time! (20
points)

• Write the next two (2) paragraphs for this essay!
• Remember
• Always write TEs in your (ts)
• Write additional TEs in your BPs
• Use coherenceall details supporting the thesis
  (challenges in life)
• 4-5 (aprx.) sentences per paragraph (academic
  standard)
• Look at the previous slides (no. 12) for help!