Title: Toward Independence
1Chapter 5
2Vocabulary Terms
- Patriots (Whigs) American Colonists who believed
the colonies had a right to govern themselves - Loyalists (Tories) American Colonists who
remained loyal to Great Britain and did not
believe in the colonies right to self governance - Allies groups or countries that work together
during wartime. - Militia a small army made up of ordinary
citizens who are available to fight in in
emergency - Tyranny the unjust use of government power by
groups or an individual. - Repeal to take back or to cancel a law
- Boycott to refuse to buy one or more goods from
a certain source. An organized refusal to do
something by people. - Revenue money collected by the government in
the form of taxes
3Section 5.2 Before 1763
- Growth of the American Colonies
- American colonies were grew rapidly from 50,000
to over 1,000,000 - Reasons
- cheap land
- religious freedom
- economic opportunity
4Section 5.2 Before 1763
- British Government Treatment of the Colonies
- Left the colonies alone for the most part
- Colonists became fairly self-reliant
- Colonists elected assemblies, levied taxes, and
passed laws
5Section 5.2 Before 1763
- Conflict in the Ohio Valley
- Ohio Valley claimed by both French and English
- 1754 French build Fort Duquesne near present-day
Pittsburg - Virginia Governor organizes militia, lead by
George Washington, to drive the French out of the
Ohio Valley - Perception that colonists were not very good
soldiers - Defeat the first French scouting party they
encountered which starts the French and Indian
War
6Section 5.3 Early British America
- 1760 King George III take the throne
- Britain in huge debt after the French and Indian
War and expected the colonists to begin sharing
the burden
7Section 5.3 Early British America
- The Proclamation of 1763
- King George III attempts to slow westward
expansion - draws line across the Appalachian Mountains
- settlers must remain east of the line
- tyranny
- colonists believed proclamation was an act of
tyranny or an unjust demand by the King - most of the land east of the Appalachian line was
settled - the only good land left was west of the
Appalachian line - to enforce the Proclamation, King George expands
the British Army to 7,500
8The Stamp Act
- Rationale
- Great Britain needs to find additional money to
pay off French and Indian War debt - War was fought for the benefit of the colonists
- colonists were lightly taxed while citizens in
Britain payed numerous taxes - the colonists should pay their fair share of the
debt
9The Stamp Act
- first overt tax by the British government on the
colonies - idea was created by British Prime Minister George
Grenville
10The Stamp Act
- Requirements
- colonists had to buy a government stamp for every
piece of paper they used - included newspapers, wills, licenses, and playing
cards
11The Stamp Act
- Sons of Liberty
- members were Patriots
- took violent action against the Stamp Act
- attacked tax collectors homes
- threatened to bury one tax collector alive
12The Stamp Act
- Reaction by Parliament
- after months of protests in the colonies led to
the repeal of the Stamp Act - helps build the foundation of the Right to
Assemble in the 1st Amendment
13The Quartering Act
- Required colonists to house British soldiers in
their homes - Colonists were required to provide basic supplies
to the soldiers - Protests begin to arise in the colonies
- Helps build the basis for the 3rd Amendment to
the U.S. Constitution
14Section 5.4 The Townshend Acts
- Origins
- Charles Townshend, British Parliament
- Bad colonists behavior showed need for more
British troops in the colonies - Tax on items imported from Britain to the
Colonies such as tea, glass, paint, and paper
15Section 5.4 The Townshend Acts
- A Boycott of British Goods
- Townshend Act equaled a hidden tax on goods to
the colonists - Samuel Adams
- John Adams cousin
- Boston Patriot
- wrote a letter protesting the Townshend Acts and
sent it to every colony - Townshend Acts violated the rights of colonists
and amounted to taxation w/o representation - letter leads to boycott of British goods
- women were important in upholding the boycott
16The Townshends Acts
- Repeal of the Townshend Acts
- Lord North becomes leader of British Parliament
- determined Townshend Acts were actually causing
tax revenue to go down - all taxes on goods except tea were repealed by
Parliament
17Section 5.5 The Boston Massacre
- Details
- Began as a fight which led to a small riot in
Boston between soldiers and colonists - 5 Boston colonists dead and 10 injured
- Boston Patriots continually harassed British
Soldiers - British Soldiers prohibited to fire on colonists
unless their life was threatened
18Section 5.5 The Boston Massacre
- Mob Violence Breaks Out
- Mob began throwing rocks and ice at British
Soldiers outside the Boston Customs House - Mob knocks over British soldier to the ground and
shots are fires - Crispus Attucks, African-American, and 4 others
killed/10 injured - Crowd refuses to leave until they are promised a
murder trial will take place
19Section 5.5 The Boston Massacre
- Massacre or Self-Defense
- Sam Adams
- uses the Boston Massacre as an opportunity to
stir up more protests - Paul Revere
- makes a drawing showing soldiers firing on
peaceful colonist - distributes the drawing throughout the colonies
- Positions
- Patriots all troops should leave
- Loyalists more troops are needed
- John Adams (future President)
- Boston Lawyer
- belief that everyone has a right to a fair trial
(6thAmendment) - agreed to defend the British soldiers in spite of
personal costs - argued troops acted in self-defense
- Verdicts
- 6 soldiers found not guilty
- 2 soldiers guilty of manslaughter
20Section 5.6 The Boston Tea Party
- The Tea Act
- British East India Tea Company
- huge British Company held monopoly on the Tea
trade - American boycott was bankrupting the company
- 1773 Act is passed by Parliament
- act was intended to save British East India
Company and break up the American boycotts
21Section 5.6 The Boston Tea Party
- Effects of The Tea Act
- Results
- lowered the costs of British tea below smuggled
Dutch tea - granted monopoly of all colony tea sales to
British East India Company - colonists viewed this as another attempt to tax
w/o representation and feared future taxes on
other goods
22Section 5.6 The Boston Tea Party
- Tea Ships Arrive
- British East India ships arrive in American ports
- Colonists kept the ships from unloading their
goods - Many ships attempt to return to England
- Massachusetts Governor
- orders navy to block all ships from leaving or
entering Boston Harbor - demands the colonists allow the ships to unload
their cargo - Sons of Liberty, December 16, 1773
- disguise themselves as Native Americans
- 50 sneak aboard tea ships and dump the cargo into
the Boston Harbor
23Section 5.7 The Intolerable Acts
- Parliament Punishes Massachusetts
- British Parliament and King George view the
protest as fight for control over the colonies - Intolerable Acts passed to punish Massachusetts
Colony actions in the Boston Tea Party
24Section 5.7 The Intolerable Acts
- Effects of the Acts
- Boston Harbor closed until tea was paid for
- Massachusetts Governor/Assembly now controlled by
England no town meeting in Massachusetts - British soldiers accused of murder in the
colonies were now to be tried in England - Additional British soldiers sent to Boston to
enforce the new laws
25Section 5.7 The Intolerable Acts
- 2 Opinions
- King George believed the Intolerable Acts would
force the colonists to conform - A few believed it would lead to open rebellion
26Section 5.7 The Intolerable Acts
- The Colonies Begin to Unite
- Colonists throughout Massachusetts and elsewhere
began to support Boston and not England - closed shops
- food and supplies sent to Boston
- Virginia Response
- everyones rights are in danger
- called for a meeting of colonial delegates to
work out a peaceful solution to the Intolerable
Acts - Meeting leads to the 1st Continental Congress
27Section 5.7 The Intolerable Acts
- The First Continental Congress
- Why
- Response to the Intolerable Acts and the
punishment of Boston - Attempt to find peaceful solution to Boston
problem and the Intolerable Acts - September 1774
- 50 leaders from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia
- Georgia sent no representatives
- Patrick Henry, George Washington
- mix of Loyalists and Patriots
- Results
- respectful letter sent to King George
- Boycott would remain in effect until the
Intolerable Acts were repealed - meeting scheduled for the following May if
boycott failed
28Section 5.7 The Intolerable Acts
- The Colonies Form Militias
- Patriots form committees to enforce the boycott
of British goods - Local militias organized in case the boycotts
failed - British hopes of forcing the colonies to conform
had failed
29Section 5.8 Lexington and Concord
- The First Blow at Lexington
- King Georges Response
- refuses to listen to letter sent by Continental
Congress - declares the colonies to be in open rebellion
- orders General Gage to prepare to use force
against the colonies
30Section 5.8 Lexington and Concord
- Paul Reveres Famous Ride
- April 6, 1775 General Gage (British Commander)
informed of colonial stash of weapons and
gunpowder in Concord, MA. - 700 British troops ordered to march on Concord
- Colonial spies learn of the British troop
movements - Paul Revere and William Dawes warn the colonists
31Section 5.8 Lexington and Concord
- Results
- 8 colonists killed and 10 wounded near Lexington,
MA - remaining militia members fled
- colonists are defeated
32Section 5.8 Lexington and Concord
- The Second Blow at Concord
- Colonists moved the weapons and gunpowder out of
Concord - British soldiers set fire to tools, gun carriages
etc.. - Militia fear Concord may be burned by the British
- Captain Davis moves militia towards British
troops near Concord Bridge
33Section 5.8 Lexington and Concord
- The Second Blow at Concord
- British believe the militia members will run when
fired upon - British open fire, kill Captain Davis
- Militia return fire and British retreat
34Section 5.8 Lexington and Concord
- Results
- 74 British dead, 200 wounded or missing
- 49 colonists dead, 41 wounded
- colonial victory
- Impact For the first time British began to see
that the American colonists were willing to stand
and fight for rights they believed in
35Section 5.8 Lexington and Concord
- Impact For the first time British began to see
that the American colonists were willing to stand
and fight for rights they believed in