Sweden

1
Sweden

• Meghan Z., Kelsey P., Brittni I.

2
Stockholm

• Swedens capital
• Built on 14 islands

3
Lifestyles of the Past

• 500 years ago there lived a family in Sweden
  named Sture. They were among the most powerful
  people of the land from 1470-1520.
• There were a lot of bloody battles.
• Many historians identify the Goths who spread
  over Europe to have originally migrated from
  Sweden.
• They say that theres one thing about people from
  Sweden- they are always on the move.
• Sweden is a center of Viking activity (traders
  and soldiers)
• Family and Friends were of great importance to
  them
• 19th century onward, Sweden transformed from
  old-fashioned agrarian society to a modern
  industrial nation

4
Lifestyles of the Present Day

• The Sture family is now extinct, but on of its
  branches, the Oxenstiernas, has continued to be
  on of Swedens most famous aristocratic
  dynasties.
• Sweden today is among the worlds greatest
  promoters of peace and full freedom for all
  churches and religions.
• A population of only a little over 9 million is
  projected by the year 2010.
• Average life expectancy is seventy-four years for
  males and eighty years for females.
• Swedes are friendly people with hospitable
  manners, clean homes and a feeling for what is
  right and beautiful.
• Quality workmanship is found in their
  manufactured products.
• Celebrate birthdays, marriages, anniversaries,
  baptism, confirmation, and many holidays.
• Recreation
• Sports
• Mass Media (TV)
• Folk dances heritage festivals
• Outdoor life (sailing, parades, outdoor theatre,
  entertainment in the park)

5
Health Care - Organization

• Socialized/public health care
• Divided into 7 sections
• Decentralized into 21 counties
• Financing
• 71 - local taxation (average 11)
• 16 - state contributions
• 3 - patient fees
• 10 - other (contributions ands sales)

6
Patient Fees

• Fees for outpatient care are decided by county
  councils
• There is a high-cost ceiling
• Prescribed medications

7
Care for Elderly

• Life expectancy
• 80.5 years vs. U.S. 77.5 years
• 93 of elderly persons live in
• ordinary housing.
• 290 Municipalities
• Responsibilities
• Housing
• Employment
• Support for people with psychiatric disabilities

8
Maternity

• Maternity leave
• Milk banks
• Low infant mortality
• 3.0 vs U.S. 6.0

9
Criticism of health care system

• Waiting times
• Depends on where people live
• Too conservative

10
Biotechnology

• Sweden had the fourth largest biotechnology
  industry in Europe, after Germany, the UK and
  France.
• In the 1990s there was a new start-up with
  biotechnology companies and the increase in
  availability of researchers.
• SwedenBIO is one of the Europes largest industry
  organizations representing more than 170 exciting
  member companies in Sweden.
• Goal is to promote an environment for a
  successful and growing life science industry.
• Because of the fast development in biotechnology
  Swedish Research Council proposed that a special
  governmental agency for inspection of
  biotechnology should be started.
• They would investigate all new activities in
  biotechnology and not specialize in any other
  field of research.

11
Biotechnology

• The Swedish biotechnology industry can be
  segmented into ten different fields
• Agrobiotechnology
• Bioinformatics
• Bioproduction
• Biotechnology Equipment (second largest)
• CRO
• Dentistry
• Diagnostics
• Health products/Functional Food
• Medical Device (second largest)
• Pharmaceuticals/Therapeutics (which is the
  largest field)

12
Swedens Nutrition
13
Swedens Nutritional History

• In 1953, a working group of medical,
  agricultural, and food industry representatives
  outlined, on their own initiative, the
  organization of a National Institute of Human
  Nutrition, financially supported in part of the
  institute were presented to the Government in
  1955
• Active interest in and support of nutrition
  research in Sweden formulated the Nutrition
  Foundation modeled in principle on the American
  Nutrition Formation
• The Swedish Nutrition Foundation established by
  14 food and related industries and associations
  at a meeting in Stockholm in December of 1961
• The purpose of the Swedish Nutrition Foundation
  is to further scientific
• (Näringsforskning) nutrition research of
  interest to food industry and to other producers
  or unions of producers, who have to take not of
  the development within this field of research
• The seventh volume of the series, dealing with
  nutrition in pre-school and school aged children
  has just appeared with the support from leading
  nutrition scientists from United States and other
  countries
• Swedish Nutrition Foundation has, during its 18
  years of existence, exerted a strongly
  stimulating influence on the general interest in
  nutrition science in Sweden and effectively
  contributed to the development of the field in
  countrythe foundation fulfill important
  functions to this day

14
Swedish Nutrition Foundation

• Swedish Nutrition Foundation is a
  non-governmental organization supported by about
  40 companies and organizations covering all
  branches from agriculture to main retailers
• In 1990, Sweden was the first country to issue
  and implement a voluntary Code of Conduct
  regarding health claims on foods entitled Health
  Claims in the Labeling and Marketing of Food
  Products
• The Food Industrys Rules (Self-Regulating
  Program) promotes and accepts by authorities, and
  SNF got an advisory and coordinating role in
  programs
• Awaiting EU-regulation, the Code was revised in
  1997 and 2001it now includes product-specific
  physiological claims subject to human studies
  with the product in question, and pre-marketing
  evaluation of the scientific documentationa
  Ninth Genetic Claim regarding whole grain and
  risk for heart disease was also included in 2003
• National Nutrition Board has 5 Different levels
  of Nutrition work Support, local research, teach
  circle or pyramid, and teach keyhole
• Example Plate divided into thirds. One third is
  pasta and rice, one third is vegetables/fruits
  and one third is meat (smallest which should
  never be increased)

15
Swedens Nutrition Diagram
16
Swedens Market Values

• Sweden has no quantitative constraints on food
  imports
• Swedish standards on food are very strict and
  imported foodstuffs must meet these requirements
• Swedens tariffs are very low, but many imported
  agricultural commodities are assessed a variable
  import levy which protects domestically produced
  foods
• According to Swedish Government figures, U.S
  products accounted for about 7 of the Countrys
  total agricultural imports, by value
• Swedish trade data indicate that high-value
  imports totaled 3.0 billion in 1992

17
Swedens Government
18
Swedens Government Offices

• Prime Minister's Office The Prime Minister's
  Office directs and coordinates the work of the
  Government Offices. It is furthermore responsible
  for coordination of Sweden's EU policy,
  coordinates sustainable development work in the
  Government Offices and is responsible for
  constitutional policy and election issues.
• Ministry of Agriculture The Ministry of
  Agriculture has a wide range of responsibilities,
  including matters relating to agriculture,
  fisheries, reindeer husbandry, Sami affairs,
  animal welfare, food and hunting and game
  management.
• Ministry of Culture The Ministry of Culture is
  responsible for culture, the media and sports.
• Ministry of Defence The Ministry of Defence aims
  to fulfil the objectives set by the Government
  and Riksdag for defence policy, for national
  accident prevention and preparedness, and for
  preparedness for severe peacetime emergencies.
• Ministry of Education and Research The Ministry
  of Education and Research is responsible for
  matters relating to schools, universities and
  colleges, research.
• Ministry of Employment The Ministry of Employment
  is responsible for labour market policy and
  working life policy.

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Continued Swedens Government Offices

• Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications
  The area of responsibility of the Ministry of
  Enterprise, Energy and Communications comprises
  issues of crucial importance for growth - for
  people, companies and regions. The Ministry
  deals, for example, with matters relating to the
  business sector, energy, IT, communications and
  infrastructure, and regional development.
• Ministry of the Environment The Ministry of the
  Environment is responsible for environment issues
  and construction. The ministry also has the
  overall responsibility for coordinating the
  Government's work on sustainable development.
• Ministry of Finance The Ministry of Finance is
  responsible for matters relating to economic
  policy, the central government budget, taxes,
  banking, security and insurance, international
  economic work, central, regional and local
  government.
• Ministry for Foreign Affairs The task of the
  foreign service is to assist in realising the
  Government's overall goals in matters of foreign
  policy. The Ministry is also responsible for
  coordinating Sweden's foreign policy in the
  Government Offices.
• Ministry of Health and Social Affairs The areas
  of responsibility of the Ministry of Health and
  Social Affairs relate to social welfare
  financial security, social services, medical and
  health care, health promotion and the rights of
  children and disabled people.

20
Continued Swedens Government Offices

• Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality The
  Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality is
  responsible for consumer affairs, democracy
  issues, gender equality, human rights,
  integration issues, metropolitan affairs,
  minority issues, Non-Govermental Organisations
  and youth policy.
• Ministry of Justice The Ministry of Justice is
  responsible for matters relating to the police
  authorities, judiciary system, prisons service,
  migration and asylum.
• Office for Administrative Affairs The Office for
  Administrative Affairs acts as a joint resource
  for the Government Offices and is responsible for
  administrative matters of a cross-ministerial
  nature.
• Permanent Representation of Sweden to the
  European Union The Permanent Representation of
  Sweden to the European Union is the extended arm
  of the Government Offices in Brussels. Staff of
  the Permanent Representation are recruited from
  all 'ministries are engaged in pursuing
  Sweden's standpoints on EU policies.
• About the Government Offices The Government
  Offices form a single, integrated public
  authority comprising the Prime Minister's Office,
  the government ministries and the Office for
  Administrative Affairs.

21
How is Sweden Governed?

• Swedish legislation
• Each year, the Swedish Government lays some 200
  legislative proposals, normally in the form of a
  government bill, before the Riksdag (Swedish
  parliament). Some bills contain proposals for new
  legislation, requiring extensive deliberation and
  debate before a vote can be taken, while others
  consist of proposals for policy guidelines or
  major or minor amendments to existing laws.
• A growing proportion of legislation affecting
  Sweden is enacted by the European Union. Some of
  these laws apply directly, without prior sanction
  by the Riksdag, while others must be implemented
  in existing Swedish legislation before they can
  take effect.
• This section contains
• a description of how laws are enacted in Sweden
• a list of Swedish statutes that have been
  translated into English, French or German

22
Swedens Democratic System

• Sweden is a parliamentary democracy, which means
  that all public power proceeds from the people.
  At the national level, the people are represented
  by the Riksdag which has legislative power. The
  Government implements the Riksdags decisions and
  draws up proposals for new laws or law
  amendments.
• Elections are held every 4 years Swedes value
  expression and how they live in a democracy
• 7 million people in the country vote, take part
  in referendums, joining a political party or by
  sending in comments on reports presented by the
  Government
• Basic provisions defining how Sweden shall be
  governed are enshrined in the Constitution and
  these fundamental laws are the relationship
  between decision-making and executive power set
  out and the freedoms and rights enjoyed by
  citizens
• Freedom of Press Act-the principle of public
  access to official documents is set out in order
  to guarantee an open society with access to
  information about the work of the Riksdag, the
  Government and public agencies

23
Areas Of Responsibility

• Agriculture, forestry, fisheries
• Asylum, Migration and Integration
• Central, Regional and Local Government
• Communications, Infrastructure and IT
• Culture, the Media, Leisure Activities
• Defense, Emergency Management and Safety
• Democracy, Gender Equality and Human Rights
• Education and Research
• Embassies, Consulates and Consular Affairs
• Employment
• Environment, Energy and Climate
• EU Issues and Policies (Trade and Investments)
• Health Care, Health and Social/Insurances
• Housing and Construction
• Legislation and Justice
• National Economy and Budget
• Sustainable Development

24
Focus Area 13Health Care, Health and
Social/Insurances

• Health and medical care is a core part of the
  welfare system and is one of the issues in
  society that the Swedish people are most
  concerned about. Swedish health and medical care
  is based on the principles that care should be
  provided on equal terms and according to need,
  that it should be under democratic control and
  financed on that basis of solidarity.
• Care and treatment should be provided in
  consultation with the patient
• The Swedish Health and Medical Services Acts
  States as follows
• Health and medical services are aimed at
  assuring the entire population of good health and
  of care on equal terms. Care should be provided
  with due respect for the equal worth of all
  people and the dignity of the individual Priority
  shall be given to who are in the greatest need of
  health and medical care

25
Continued.Focus Area 13Health Care, Health
and Social/Insurances

• Social Insurance forms the Heaviest element of
  Swedish Social Welfare Policy
• Social Insurance is defined to include health,
  dental, and parenthood insurance, partial, basic
  and supplementary pensions as well as compulsory
  injuries insurance and voluntary unemployment
  insurances
• ALL Swedish citizens and foreign nationals
  residents in Swedenadults and children bothare
  insured under the National Insurance Act
• Conventions signed between Sweden and other
  Nordic countries Great Britain, Italy, and
  Austria also applies to International Labor
  Organizations which has ratified its Convention
  No. 118 on social securitySwedish citizens who
  are entitled to medical benefits only if the need
  for care has arisen in course of a temporary
  sojourn in a mother country
• A Uniform Tariff applies to the public
  out-patient services (as provided by district
  medical officers and at hospitals)this means the
  patient pays SKr 15 for visiting the doctor
  (private care visits is SKr 25)

26
Continued.Focus Area 13Health Care, Health
and Social/Insurances for Children

• For the purpose of the present convention a
  child means every human being below the age of 18
  years unless, under the law applicable to the
  child majority is obtained earlier. (Article 1
  from The Convention on the Rights of the Child,
  ratified by Sweden in 1990)
• If you are under 18 and exposed to physical,
  mental or sexual abuse, bullying, serious
  adolescence conflicts, loneliness etc. it is
  often necessary to talk to an adult for advice or
  help. Then you can always choose to contact The
  Childs Help Line, run by BRIS-Childrens Rights
  in Society
• State Parties shall take ALL appropriate
  legislative, administrative, social and
  educational measures to protect the child from
  all forms of physical or mental violence, injury
  or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment,
  maltreatment or exploitation including sexual
  abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal
  guardian(s) or any other person who has the care
  of the child. (Article 19)
• Sweden has a legal obligation to protect children
  from any kind of abuse in the best interests of
  the child. It requires an extensive ability to
  apprehend and take care of the special needs of
  maltreated children.
• The primary commitment of BRIS, is to
  unconditionally stand on childrens side
• Swedish legislation also includes a system of
  mandatory reporting to social authority when a
  child is suspected to be exposed to any kind of
  violence or neglect
• State Parties shall assure the child who is
  capable of forming his or her own views the right
  to express those views freely in all matters
  affecting the child, the views of the child being
  given due weigh in accordance with the age and
  maturity of the child. (Article 12.1)
• Children have the right to be informed that they
  are allowed to tell someone when they are having
  difficulties and that they are entitled to
  support and help

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Free Time Activities

• Gamla stan (Old Town)
• Skansen open air museum
• Globen - world's largest spherical building
• The Kaknastornet or Kaknas Tower
• Junibacken

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Free Time Activities

• Bike rentals 100SKr daily
• Stallmastaregarden
• Operakallaren
• Hamngaten, Biblioeksgatan,
• Sturegallerian

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The Ice Hotel
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Works Cited

• International Nutrition-Editor Robert B.
  Bradfield, Ph.D The Swedish Nutrition
  Foundation by Gunnar Blix
• (The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition-Vol.
  23, No. 2, February, 1970, pp. 210-211-printed in
  U.S.A)
• http//www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/23/2/210.pdf
• Health Grain (Industrial Platform) The European
  Communitys Sixth Framework Programme
  http//www.healthgrain.org/pub/partners.php?oid31
  sorta31
• Swedish Government OfficesSE-103 33 Stockholm,
  SwedenSwitchboard 46 8 405 10 00
  http//www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/576
• Encyclopedia Swedish Market Values
  http//www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-14298021.html
• BRIS Barnens Ratt I SamhalletChildrens Rights
  in Society of Sweden (From Betty Larson)
• Fact Sheets on Sweden Published by-The Sweden
  Institute-Statistical data April 1977
• http//www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Swe
  den
• http//www.sweden.se
• http//www.sweden.gov

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Work Cited

• Foders, Europe. Pages 1038-1068
• Wallpaper City Guide- Stockholm
• AltAssets Biotechnology in Sweden
  http//www.altassets.com/casefor/countries/2002/nz
  3292.php
• SwedenBIO Working for a successful life science
  industry http//www.swedenbio.com/
• Fiske, Arland O. (1992). Stories from The Swedish
  Heritage.
• Swahn, Jan-Ojvind. (1994). Swedish Institute
  Swedish Holidays and Traditions