A car is to gasoline as your body is to

1
A car is to gasoline as your body is to

• your stomach.
• your kidneys.
• food.
• enzymes.

2
The energy to perform actions, as well as the
materials from which body cells and tissues are
made, comes from

• cellulose.
• oxygen.
• food.
• blood.

3
The energy available in food can be measured by

• first determining which nutrients the body needs.
• burning the food.
• tracing chemical pathways.
• all of the above.

4
About how many kilocalories does the average
teenager need per day?

• 100 to 200
• 500 to 600
• 2200 to 2800
• 10,000

5
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to

• raise the temperature of the body by 1 Celsius.
• raise the temperature of 1 g of fat by 1
  Celsius.
• raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1
  Celsius.
• none of the above

6
Substances that are needed by the body for
growth, repair, and maintenance are called

• enzymes.
• nutrients.
• ATP.
• Calories.

7
Inorganic nutrients that the body needs are called

• lipids.
• proteins.
• vitamins.
• minerals.

8
Which of the following foods do NOT contain
polysaccharides?

• grains
• potatoes
• meats
• vegetables

9
The American Heart Association recommends a diet
with a maximum of

• 40 percent of Calories from fat, of which only 20
  percent should be from unsaturated fats.
• 30 percent of Calories from unsaturated fat, in
  addition to 10 percent from saturated fats.
• 50 percent of Calories from saturated fats.
• 30 percent of Calories from fat, of which only 10
  percent should be from saturated fats.

10
The raw materials that the body needs for growth
and repair come from

• proteins.
• unsaturated fats.
• carbohydrates.
• water.

11
Proteins are polymers of

• lipids.
• unsaturated fats.
• amino acids.
• vitamins.

12
When a doctor suggests following a diet low in
saturated fats, which of the following forms of
oil is a preferred choice to use in cooking?

• oils with single bonds between their carbon atoms
• vegetable oil
• animal fats
• butter

13
What is the minimum amount of water you should
drink every day?

• 0.5 liter
• 1 liter
• 2 liters
• 3 liters

14
Which of the following fluids is made up mostly
of water?

• blood
• lymph
• other body fluids
• all of the above

15
Water is lost from the body by each of the
following EXCEPT

• sweating.
• urinating.
• respiration.
• circulation.

16
What can occur if a person does not take in
enough water to replace what is lost?

• dehydration
• circulatory problems
• nervous system problems
• all of the above

17
Which of the following statements is NOT true
about the process of sweating?

• Sweating is more likely to occur on hot days than
  cool days.
• Sweating is likely to occur after strenuous
  exercise.
• Evaporation of sweat warms the body.
• Excessive sweating can lead to dehydration.

18
The Food Guide Pyramid advises a person to eat
more

• meat than dairy products.
• grains than meat.
• dairy products than vegetables.
• dairy products than grains.

19
Which of the following food groups is NOT found
in a sandwich of only bread, ham, and mayonnaise?

• fats, oils, and sweets
• milk, yogurt, and cheese
• meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts
• bread, cereal, rice, and pasta

20
How many food groups make up the Food Guide
Pyramid?

• four
• five
• six
• seven

21
The trend of the Food Guide Pyramid is that the
majority of the food in your diet should be from

• the group(s) at the top.
• the group(s) at the bottom.
• the group(s) in the middle.
• all of the groups in the same proportion.

22
Which of the following food groups contain few
valuable vitamins?

• fats, oils, and sweets
• milk, yogurt, and cheese
• vegetables
• fruit

23
What food tube carries food between the pharynx
and the stomach?

• small intestine
• epiglottis
• esophagus
• large intestine

24
Which of the following would NOT be found in the
stomach?

• mucus
• pepsin
• villi
• hydrochloric acid

25
Which of the following is NOT a function of the
pancreas?

• produces hormones that regulate blood sugar
  levels
• produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates,
  proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
• produces bile
• produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that
  neutralizes stomach acid

26
What is one of the roles of the pancreas in
nutrition?

• absorb nutrients
• churn food
• dissolve food
• neutralize acids

27
What enzyme found in saliva breaks chemical bonds
between the sugar monomers in starches?

• amylase
• chyme
• pepsin
• hydrochloric acid

28
Where does the process of chemical digestion
begin?

• stomach
• esophagus
• small intestine
• mouth

29
What does mechanical digestion in the stomach
involve?

• absorption of nutrients by villi
• pepsin and bile
• strong muscular contractions
• bile and pancreatic fluid

30
The stomach breaks down food into a soft,
partially digested mixture called

• pepsin.
• chyme.
• amylase.
• bile.

31
Through which structure do wastes pass into the
rectum?

• duodenum
• large intestine
• small intestine
• villus

32
Water is extracted from digested food in the body
primarily by the

• bladder.
• gallbladder.
• large intestine.
• pancreas.

33
Look at Figure 381. Clean, filtered blood is
returned to circulation through the

• renal artery.
• renal vein.
• urinary bladder.
• urethra.

34
In what structure in Figure 381 do filtration
and reabsorption occur?

• kidney
• renal vein
• urinary bladder
• ureter

35
The function of the excretory system is to
control homeostasis and

• break down nutrients.
• remove wastes.
• absorb nutrients.
• prevent infection.

36
The main organs of the excretory system are the

• kidneys.
• lungs.
• intestines.
• ureters.

37
Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

• urethra
• renal vein
• glomerulus
• Bowmans capsule

38
The activity of the kidneys is controlled by
hormones and by the

• volume of nutrients.
• volume of filtrate.
• composition of the blood.
• composition of the urine.

39
When the kidneys detect an increase in salt, they
respond by

• excreting less salt in urine.
• returning more salt to the blood by filtration.
• returning more salt to the blood by reabsorption.
• returning less salt to the blood by reabsorption.

40
Which of the following controls the activity of
the kidneys?

• the composition of the blood
• regulatory hormones that are released in response
  to the composition of blood
• both a and b
• none of the above

41
What percentage of the filtrates water that
enters Bowmans capsule is reabsorbed into the
blood?

• 100 percent
• 99 percent
• 50 percent
• less than 25 percent

42
In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes
are removed from the blood by

• reabsorption.
• excretion.
• dialysis.
• filtration.

43
The process of dialysis

• carries urine to the urinary bladder.
• pumps blood throughout the body.
• returns filtered blood to the body.
• forces water into cells and tissues by osmosis.

44
Dialysis performs the function of the

• liver.
• ureter.
• kidneys.
• urinary bladder.

45
What materials are removed from the blood through
dialysis?

• urea and excess salts
• chyme
• amylase and pepsin
• none of the above

46
In a label displaying the Calorie content of
food, the unit is actually the kilocalorie.
_________________________

• True
• False

47
Simple and complex carbohydrates are the main
source of energy for the body. ___________________
______

• True
• False

48
The bulk supplied by fats helps muscles to keep
food and wastes moving through the digestive
system. _________________________

• True
• False

49
Every cell in the human body needs protein
because this is the material in which many of the
bodys processes, including chemical reactions,
take place. _________________________

• True
• False

50
Following the Food Guide Pyramid, you should have
611 servings of the bread, cereal, rice, and
pasta group every day. _________________________

• True
• False

51
The Food Guide Pyramid classifies food into five
groups. _________________________

• True
• False

52
Digestive enzymes found in the small intestine
break down undigested fats. ______________________
___

• True
• False

53
Gravity allows food to travel through your
esophagus into the stomach. ______________________
___

• True
• False

54
Digestive enzymes are necessary for mechanical
digestion. _________________________

• True
• False

55
If too little water is absorbed from the large
intestine, constipation results.
_________________________

• True
• False

56
Together, the skin, lungs, and kidneysalong with
their associated organsmake up the excretory
system. _________________________

• True
• False

57
Blood leaves the kidneys through the renal
arteries. _________________________

• True
• False

58
Excretion helps to maintain the bodys
homeostasis. _________________________

• True
• False

59
As the amount of water in the blood increases,
the rate of water reabsorption in the kidneys
increases. _________________________

• True
• False

60
When using a kidney dialysis machine, blood is
removed from the body through special tubing that
acts like nephrons. _________________________

• True
• False

61
Participant Scores
62
The science of ____________________ is the study
of food and its effects on the body.
63
Vitamins that are ____________________-soluble
cannot be stored within the body.
64
Calcium, iron, and magnesium are all examples of
the group of nutrients called ____________________
.
65
Blood, lymph, and other bodily fluids consist
mostly of ____________________.
66
You should have at least ____________________
servings of meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs,
or nuts every day.
67
Contractions known as ____________________
squeeze food through the length of the esophagus
into the stomach.
68
The large organ that lies above the stomach and
produces bile is the ____________________.
69
The teeth are extremely important in
____________________ digestion.
70
The pancreas produces _________________________,
a base that neutralizes stomach acid so that the
enzymes can be effective.
71
If a part of the stomach wall digests itself,
a(an) ____________________ develops.
72
Gastric glands produce mucus, hydrochloric acid,
and the enzyme ____________________.
73
The functioning units of the kidneys are the
____________________.
74
The kidneys play an important role in maintaining
____________________ in the body.
75
To a large extent, the activity of kidneys is
controlled by the composition of
____________________.
76
An artificial heart is to a real heart as
dialysis tubing is to ____________________.
77
Name two functions of fat.
78
How does a calorie differ from a Calorie?
79
List the six nutrients needed by the body.
80
Why is it important to eat foods that contain
water-soluble vitamins every day?
81
Why do you lose more water from your body on hot
days than on cold days?
82
What is the Food Guide Pyramid?
83
How does your stomach enable you to eat a few
large meals each day?
84
How is chyme produced?
85
If a persons gallbladder is removed, the person
can survive and lead a relatively normal life.
Why?
86
What is the function of the digestive system?
87
Figure 381
88
What is the function of the ureter?
89
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
90
How do kidneys maintain homeostasis?
91
If your kidneys were not working, what would
happen if you drank a large quantity of water?
92
What are a persons two options for survival if
both of his or her kidneys are unable to function?
93
The energy for one hour of intense mental effort
can be supplied by half a peanut. Why, then, does
an author who writes five hours a day consume
2400 Calories?
94
Compare and contrast vitamins and minerals.
95
How does the body lose water?
96
Write a paragraph describing how your eating
habits compare to the guidelines illustrated in
the Food Guide Pyramid.
97
What organs and major accessory structures make
up the digestive system?
98
You take a bite of an apple. Describe what
happens to that bite of apple as it goes through
the digestive system.
99
Discuss the functions of the following structures
of the excretory system kidneys, ureter, urinary
bladder, and urethra.
100
Rattlesnake venom breaks down the walls of the
glomerulus. Why does a rattlesnake bite cause
blood to appear in the urine?
101
How do the kidneys respond to an increased intake
of water? Of salt?
102
Describe the process of dialysis.