The Organization of Living Things

1
The Organization of Living Things

• Chapter 4
• Section 3

2
Key Concept

• As multicellular organisms develop, their cells
  differentiate (change separate) and form levels
  of organization
• Why it Matters so Humans (we are multicellular)
  can have different kinds of cells, tissues,
  organs, and organ systems

3
Unicellular Organisms

• uni- one
• Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms
• Some algae, some protists, and some eukaryotes
  (yeasts), are unicellular
• Can still do everything they need to stay alive
• Benefits over multicellular organisms
• Need fewer resources
• Can live in harsher conditions

4
Multicellular Organisms

• multi- more than one
• Plants, animals, some protists, and most fungi
  are multicellular
• Start as a single cell ? many cells ? cells
  differentiate (change) into different types of
  cells ? cells group together

5
Multicellular Characteristics

• Larger size have less predators and have more
  options of things to eat
• Longer life organism will continue to live even
  if a single cell dies
• Specialization each type of cell has a specific
  job, making the organism more efficient

6
Levels of Organization

• 1st Level Cells
• 2nd Level Tissues
• 3rd Level Organs
• 4th Level Organ Systems
• Cells ? Tissues ? Organs ? Organ Systems

7
Level 1 Cells

• Cells can be specialized (have a certain
  function)
• Function job
• Function is related to the cell structure
• Structure how parts of the cell are put
  together
• Shape
• Material its made from
• Structure of a brain cell is different from
  muscle cell

8
Level 2 Tissues

• Tissue group of cells that work together to do
  a specific job
• Ex Heart muscle tissue
  is made of heart
  muscle
  cells
• Animals have 4 types of
  tissue nerve,
  muscle,
  connective, protective
• Plants have 3 types of
  tissue
  transport, protective, ground

9
Level 3 Organs

• Organ structure that is made up of 2 or more
  tissues working together to get a specific job
  done
• Ex Stomach muscle tissue moves food, special
  tissues make chemicals to digest food, connective
  tissue holds stomach together, nervous tissue
  sends messages back and forth between the stomach
  and brain

10
Level 4 Organ Systems

• Organ system group of organs working together
  to perform a specific function
• Each organ system has a specific job
• Ex Digestive system is made of several organs
  including the stomach and intestines

11
Structure of Animals
Cells -basic unit of an animals
structure -become specialized ____________________
___________ Tissues -made of cells that work
together to perform a specific function __________
________________________________ Organs -made of
different types of tissues that work together to
perform a specific function ______________________
______________________________ Organ
Systems -made of organs that work together to
perform a specific function ______________________
_______________________________________ Organisms