Wireless Communication

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Wireless Communication
Betty and the GeEks Present
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What is WAP?

• A set of protocols which allow data exchange for
  mobile cellular systems
• The current world standard for the presentation
  and delivery of wireless information
• It is device independent
• It is network independent

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Current Constraints of
Wireless Interfaces
Mobile Devices

• Less Bandwidth
• High Latency
• Less Stable Connections
• Less Predictable Availability
• Diverse range of network standards

• Less CPU Power
• Less Memory and Storage
• Restricted Power Consumption
• Small / Variable Sized Displays
• Variable Input Types (Keypad,
  Pen, etc,)

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Why Use WAP ?

• Wireless networks and phones
• have specific needs and requirements not
  addressed by existing Internet technologies.
• WAP enables any data transport
• TCP/IP, UDP/IP, GUTS (IS-135/6), SMS, or USSD.
• The WAP architecture
• has several modular entities which together form
  a fully compliant Internet entity
• all WML content is accessed via HTTP 1.1
  requests.

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Why Use WAP ? (cont..)

• WAP utilizes standard Internet markup language
  technology (XML)
• Optimizing the content and airlink protocols
• The WML UI components map well onto existing
  mobile phone user interfaces
• no re-education of the end-users
• leveraging market penetration of mobile devices
• WAP utilizes plain Web HTTP 1.1 servers
• leveraging existing development methodologies
• CGI, ASP, NSAPI, JAVA, Servlets, etc.

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The WAP Architecture
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More Acronyms to learn

• WAE - Wireless Application Environment
• WSP - Wireless Session Protocol
• WTP - Wireless Transaction Protocol
• WTLS - Wireless Transport Layer Security
• WDP - Wireless Datagram Protocol

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Comparison between Internet and WAP Models
Internet
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WAP Protocols

• WSP (Wireless Session Protocol)
• Provides the application layer of WAP with a
  consistent interface for two session services.
• A connection-oriented service that operates above
  the transaction layer protocol WTP.
• A connectionless service that operates above a
  secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP).

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WAP Protocols

• WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol)
• Provide efficient request/reply based transport
  mechanism suitable for devices with limited
  resources over networks with low to medium
  bandwidth.
• WTP Push mode allows server to push data to a
  client without request (e.g. notification of
  stock hitting target price)
• WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that
  TCP/IP uses to transfer the same amount of data.

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WAP Protocols

• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)
• A security protocol based upon the
  industry-standard Transport Layer Security (TLS)
  protocol, formerly known as Secure Sockets Layer
  (SSL). WTLS is intended for use with the WAP
  transport protocols and has been optimized for
  use over narrow-band communication channels.

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WAP Protocols

• WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)
• The Transport layer protocol in the WAP
  architecture
• Provides a common interface to the Security,
  Session, and Application layers
• Allows these upper layers to function
  independently of the underlying wireless network.
  This is the key to global interoperability

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WAP Developers An incomplete list of corporations
currently developing WAP products and/or services

• ATT
• Bell Atlantic Mobile
• GTE
• Sprint PCS
• US West
• Nextel
• France Telecom
• Telenor (Norway)
• Bell Mobility (Canada)

• Japan Telecom
• Nokia
• Ericsson
• Motorola
• Qualcomm
• Samsung
• Palm Computing (3Com)
• IBM
• Phone.com (Unwired Planet)

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WML Wireless Markup Language

• Tag-based browsing language
• Screen management (text, images)
• Data input (text, selection lists, etc.)
• Hyperlinks navigation support
• XML-based language
• Inherits technology from HTML

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WML Wireless Markup Language

• Card metaphor
• User interactions are split into cards
• Navigation occurs between cards
• Explicit inter-card navigation model
• Hyperlinks
• UI Event handling
• History
• State management and variables
• Reduce network traffic
• Results in better caching

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A WML Example
ltWMLgt ltCARDgt ltDO TYPE"ACCEPT"
LABEL"Next"gt ltGO URL"card2"/gt
lt/DOgt Acme Inc.ltBR/gtDirectory
lt/CARDgt ltCARD NAME"card2"gt ltDO
TYPE"ACCEPT"gt ltGO
URL"?sendtype"/gt lt/DOgt
Services ltSELECT KEY"type"gt
ltOPTION VALUE"em"gtEmaillt/OPTIONgt
ltOPTION VALUE"ph"gtPhonelt/OPTIONgt
ltOPTION VALUE"fx"gtFaxlt/OPTIONgt
lt/SELECTgt lt/CARDgt lt/WMLgt
Acme Inc. Directory _____________ Next
Services 1gtEmail 2 Phone 3 Fax
____________ OK
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Wireless Networking Technologies (PAN/LAN)

• Flarion Technologies
• OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
• GSM
• 3G (A third generation mobile technology)
• Bluetooth

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Bluetooth
The Bluetooth wireless technology allows users to
make effortless, wireless and instant connections
between various communication devices, such as
mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants
(PDAs), desktop and notebook computers. It
currently provides a 2 Mbps data rate and a range
of 500 ft indoors.
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Bluetooth

• The Bluetooth radio is built into a small
  microchip and operates in a globally available
  frequency band ensuring communication
  compatibility worldwide.
• Software controls and identity coding built into
  each microchip ensure that only those units
  preset by their owners can communicate.
• The Bluetooth wireless technology supports both
  point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
  connections.

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POP QUIZ

• WAP enables mobile phone users to retrieve
  information from the internet
• TRUE
• FALSE

?
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POP QUIZ
2. WML and WMLScript are based on HTML and
Javascript. TRUE FALSE
?
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POP QUIZ
3. Which of the following is not a layer protocol
in WAP ? A. WDP B. WTP C. HTTP D. WSP
?
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POP QUIZ
4. WAP will not provide an interface to
voice-mail or prepaid systems. TRUE FALSE
?
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POP QUIZ

• 5. What does WAP stand for?
• Wired American People
• Wireless Appliance Programming
• Wacky Amish Pandas
• Wireless Application Protocol

?
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Questions ?
Comments ?
Snide Remarks ?