A Tour of the Cell

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A Tour of the Cell
Plant Cell
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Cells

• Eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal
  cells, contain a nucleus and organelles
• Plant cells contain a cell wall, chloroplasts and
  other organelles
• Animal cells contain mitochondria and other
  organelles

• Prokaryotic cells do not include a nucleus or
  specialized organelles, include bacteria
• See Figs 7.7 and 7.8

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The Nucleus

• Found only in eukaryotic cells
• Pores in the nuclear envelope allow for exchange
  of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
• Contains genetic material, DNA
• Contains a nucleolus, site where parts of
  ribosomes are produced
• See Fig. 7.9

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Nucleus
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Ribosomes

• Free ribosomes (ribosomes in cytoplasm)
• Bound ribosomes (ribosomes attached to
  endoplasmic reticulum)
• Both carry out protein synthesis
• See Fig. 7.10

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Endomembrane System

• Many membranes are interrelated directly through
  physical continuity or indirectly through
  transport vesicles

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Smooth E.R. (no ribosomes attached), synthesizes
  steroids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores
  calcium, and detoxifies liver cells
• Rough E.R. (has ribosomes), manufactures proteins
  for secretion
• Fig 7.11

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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Golgi Apparatus

• Finish, sort, and ship many products of the
  cell
• Synthesize macromolecules
• Store and export products of E.R.
• Fig 7.12

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Golgi Apparatus
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Lysosomes

• Digestive compartments
• Recycle monomers from cell macromolecules
• Digest substances ingested by phagocytosis
• Fig 7.14

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Vacuoles

• Storage compartments
• Animal cells have food vacuoles
• Plant cells have contractile vacuoles
• Function to provide waste disposal, cell
  elongation, and protection
• Fig 7.15

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Peroxisomes

• Consume oxygen in various metabolic functions
• Produce hydrogen peroxide as a waste product and
  then converts it to water
• Fig 7.17

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Mitochondria

• Sites of cell respiration in eukaryotic cells
• Uses energy to restock cellular supply of ATP
• Fig 7.18

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Mitochondria
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Chloroplasts

• Contain chlorophyll and other pigments which
  function in photosynthesis
• Found only in plant cells
• Fig.7.19

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Cytoskeleton

• Provides structural support
• Cilia and flagella aid in mobility
• Intermediate filaments support cell shape and fix
  certain organelles in place
• Table 7.2

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Extracellular Matrix

• Found in animal cells
• Function in support, adhesion, movement, and
  development
• Consists of protein fibers and a proteoglycan
  complex attached to the cell membrane
• Fig. 7.30

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Websites
Test Yourself On Identifying the Parts of
Cells Go to http//www.discoverbiology.com/cells/
welcome.htm Click on Self Test On the left
side of the screen. Try the Drag and Drop tests
6.2a, 6.2b 6.2c Go to http//www.sigmaxi.org/am
sci/articles/99articles/Hoppert.html Read the
article and look at the illustrations.
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More Websites
http//www.cellsalive.com