Exploradores y Conquistadores de M

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Exploradores y Conquistadores de México

• The Spanish began exploring, looting, and
  conquering México and the Aztec Indians who lived
  there in the 1500's

Presentación Jeanine Carr
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ANZA, JUAN BAUTISTA DECaptain Juan Bautista de
Anza (1736-1788) was a Mexican-born trailblazer
and explorer. He was the first person of European
descent to establish an overland trail from
Mexico to the northern Pacific coast of
California (then called New Albion). He found a
corridor through the desolate Sonoran Desert. His
expeditions brought hundreds of settlers to
California. He founded the cities of Los Angeles,
San Francisco, and San Jose. De Anza was the
commander of the presidio at Tubac.
CABEZA DE VACA, ALVAR NUÑEZ                     
        Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca Cabeza de
Vaca means "head of a cow" (1490?-1557?) was a
Spanish explorer who sailed to North America from
Spain, leaving in 1527. He traveled from Florida
to Texas on a raft, then walked from Texas to
Mexico City. He also explored the Paraguay River
in South America. De Vaca and his fellow
travelers were the first Europeans to see the
bison, or American buffalo.
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CABRILLO, JUAN RODRIGUEZ
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (?
-1543) was a Spanish or
Portuguese explorer (his nationality is
uncertain). Cabrillo was the first European
explorer of the Californian coast. In 1542, he
sailed from Acapulco to southern California,
claiming California for King Charles I of Spain.
Cabrillo named San Diego Bay and Santa Barbara.
He died on San Miguel Island (in the Santa
Barbara Channel) after a fight with Indians, from
complications resulting from a broken leg
CERMENHO, SEBASTIANSebastian Meléndez Rodríguez
Cermenho (also written Cermenon) was a Spanish
navigator and explorer (Cermenho was Portuguese
by birth). Cermenho was directed by Cortés to
explore the California coastline in 1595. With a
crew of 70 men on the Manila (Philippines)
Galleon San Agustin in the service of Spain,
Cermenho sailed from the Philippines to
California. After running aground near Point
Reyes (north of San Francisco), Cermenon named
the nearby bay San Francisco (it is now called
Drakes Bay). They built a smaller boat from the
wreckage and sailed to Acapulco, Mexico, charting
the coastline all the while.
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CRISTOBAL COLÓN (1451-1506) was an Italian
explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in
1492, hoping to find a route to India (in order
to trade for spices). He made a total of four
trips to the Caribbean and South America during
the years 1492-1504, sailing for King Ferdinand
II and Queen Isabella of Spain. On his first
trip, Columbus led an expedition with three
ships, the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria
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CORDOBA, FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ DEFrancisco
Fernández de Córdoba (? - 1524) was a Spanish
explorer and slave trader who explored Mexico
(1517) and Nicaragua (1524).
CORONADO,
FRANCIS  Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
(1510-1554) was a Spanish ruler, explorer and
conquistador. He was the first European to
explore North America's Southwest
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CORTÉS, HERNÁN  Hernán Cortés (also spelled
Cortez), Marqués Del Valle De Oaxaca (1485-1547)
was a Spanish adventurer and conquistador (he was
also a failed law student) who overthrew the
Aztec empire and claimed Mexico for Spain
(1519-21). Cortes sailed with 11 ships from Cuba
to the Yucatan Peninsula to look for gold,
silver, and other treasures. Hearing rumors of
great riches, Cortés traveled inland and
"discovered" Tenochtitlan, the capital of the
Aztec empire. He then brutally killed the Aztec
emperor Montezuma and conquered his Aztec Empire
of México, claiming all of Mexico for Spain in
1521. Treasures from the Aztecs were brought to
Spain, and Cortés was a hero in his homeland.
Cortés was appointed governor of the colony of
New Spain, but eventually fell out of favor
with the royals. He then returned to Spain
where he died a few years later.
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Juan Ponce de León

• 1460-1521, Spain. Explorer
• Explored Puerto Rico and became the first
  Governor of the island where he founded the city
  of San Juan in 1509. He discovered Florida in
  1512 and became its first "adelantado"

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DE NIZA, MARCOSFray Marcos de Niza (1495 - March
25, 1558 ) was a Franciscan priest who is said to
have traveled to the fabled "Seven Golden Cities
of Cibola" in what is now the western part of New
Mexico. De Niza was born in Savoy (now in
France, but it was Italian then), and became a
Franciscan friar. He sailed to the Americas in
1531, and traveled to Peru, Guatemala, and
Mexico. He freed some Native American slaves at
Culiacán, Mexico. He and the Moorish slave
Estevanico were sent from Mexico City to find
Cibola by the Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza (March
to August 1539). De Niza reported that he and
Estevanico saw the extraordinarily rich "Seven
Golden Cities of Cibola," but they were later
found to be simple Zuni Indian pueblos.
Estevanico was killed by Zuni Indians during this
expedition. De Niza survived and eventually was
in charge of his Franciscan order (1541).
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DE PORTOLA, GASPARGaspar de Portolá (1767-1784)
was a Spanish soldier, leader, and explorer.
Portolá was appointed Governor of Las Californias
from 1768-1770 and founded Monterey and San Diego
(California). As governor, Portola was ordered to
arrest and expel all Jesuits from their
well-established colleges and 14 missions many
of these missions were given to the Franciscans.
In 1768, Portola volunteered to lead a large
expedition of settlers, missionaries, and
soldiers up the California coast to San Diego and
Monterey (in California) in order to establish
new Franciscan missions the expedition was
planned by Jose de Galvez. Portolá's overland
expedition began on July 14th, 1769, and included
Father Junipero Serra and 63 other men. They
reached Los Angeles on August 2, 1769, Santa
Barbara on August 19, Santa Cruz on October 18,
and the San Francisco Bay area on October 31
(they missed Monterey). They again failed to find
Monterey on their return trip to San Diego (both
by land and by sea), so Portolá, Father Serra,
and others tried another expedition, arriving at
Monterey on May 24, 1770. In 1776, Portolá was
chosen governor of the city of Puebla he served
for eight years, until his death
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ESTEVAN Estevanico (pronounced es-tay-vahn-EE-co),
also called Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico,
Black Stephen, and Stephen the Moor (1500?-1539)
was a Muslim slave from northern Africa (Azamor,
Morocco) who was one of the early explorers of
the Southwestern United States
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PINZON, VINCENTE                    Vincente
Yáñez Pinzon (1460? - 1523?) was a Spanish
explorer and navigator who sailed with
Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the
New World, as captain of the Niña. His older
brother, Martin Pinzon, was captain of the Pinta
and the co-owner of both the Nina and the Pinta.
In 1499, Vincente Pinzon sailed to the Brazilian
coast (at a cape he named Santa María de la
Consolación). From there, he sailed northwest to
the Amazon River, whose mouth he explored. He
sailed north to northeastern Venezuela (to the
Gulf of Paria) and then returned to Spain. In
1508, he sailed to the New World twice with Juan
Díaz de Solís, trying to find a a passage to the
Spice Islands. They sailed to Central America,
but the exact locations of these explorations are
unknown (they either sailed to Honduras and the
Yucatán peninsula or to Venezuela and Brazil).
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SERRA, JUNIPEROFather Junipero Serra (1713-1784)
was a Spanish Franciscan priest who traveled to
Mexico in 1749 to do missionary work and perform
other church functions. In 1767, Serra went
north from Mexico to what is now California and
continued his missionary work, converting native
Americans zealously (sometimes forcibly). He
founded many missions in California, including
the Mission of San Diego (founded in 1769) and 8
other missions, which were often built by the
forced labor of Indians who were rounded up by
Spanish soldiers. The death rate of Native
Americans at Serra's missions was tremendously
high many more died than were baptized. Serra
also helped an expedition in locating San
Francisco Father Serra was well-known for his
acts of mortification of the flesh he wore heavy
hair shirts with sharp wires that rubbed against
his skin, he whipped himself, and he burned
himself with candles. Although the Catholic
church bestowed sainthood on Serra in 1988 for
his missionary work, his cruelty and the
tremendously negative effect he had on Native
Americans has made him a very controversial saint
to many people.
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Spanish Empire