StepbyStep Instructions for an Upgrade Installation

1
Step-by-Step Instructions for an Upgrade
Installation

• Prepare for the installation
• Verify that all devices and applications are
  Windows 2000 compatible
• Verify that you have at least 650 MB of free
  space on the hard drive
• Scan memory and hard drive for viruses
• Back up critical system files and data files, the
  registry, and data, if required
• Close all applications, disable virus-scanning
  software, decompress the hard drive if necessary

2
Step-by-Step Instructions for an Upgrade
Installation

• Perform the upgrade
• Insert the Windows 2000 CD in the CD-ROM drive
  and select Yes to upgrade
• Major phases of setup
• Report phase
• Setup phase
• PC reboots and Setup phase begins, which has two
  parts
• Text mode
• GUI mode
• PC reboots again and the GUI mode of Setup begins

3
Troubleshooting Problems with Windows 2000

• Problems that prevent the operating system from
  loading properly
• Problems that occur after loading

4
Backing Up the System State

• System State data
• Files critical to a successful operating system
  load
• Files necessary to boot the OS
• The Windows 2000 registry
• All system files in the SystemRoot folder

5
Backing Up the System State
6
Understanding the Boot Process

• Windows 2000 can be installed in two partitions
• The system partition
• The active partition
• Contains the files necessary to boot Windows 2000
  in the root directory
• The boot partition
• Contains the main Windows 2000 directory and
  usually contains the page file, which is used as
  virtual memory

7
Understanding the Boot Process
8
The Steps to Booting

• System BIOS performs POST, then turns to the MBR
  on the hard drive for an OS
• The MBR looks to the bootstrap loader program in
  boot sector of the active partition bootstrap
  loader program executes ntldr, the Windows 2000
  boot loader program
• Ntldr reads Boot.ini and provides a boot loader
  menu for a dual booting system, if indicated

continued
9
The Steps to Booting

• Ntldr executes NTDetect.com to detect and
  configure the hardware present, reads information
  from the registry about device drivers, and loads
  them
• Ntldr loads the Windows 2000 kernel, including
  the Hal.dll and Ntoskrnl.exe files, and passes
  control to Ntoskrnl.exe, the kernel-controlling
  module

10
Troubleshooting the Boot Process

• Try the simple things first
• Determine at what point in the boot process the
  system fails
• Use a troubleshooting tool
• Advanced Options Menu
• Recovery Console
• Emergency Startup Disk

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Advanced Options Menu

• Can help if the problem is with a faulty device
  driver or system service

12
Advanced Options Menu

• Safe Mode
• Safe Mode with Networking
• Safe Mode with Command Prompt
• Enable Boot Logging
• Enable VGA Mode

• Last Known Good Configuration
• Directory Services Restore Mode (Windows 2000
  Domain Controllers Only)
• Debugging Mode

13
Recovery Console

• Used when the operating system does not start
  properly or hangs during the load
• Provides a command-line interface for you to
  perform maintenance and repairs to a damaged
  registry, system files, and the file system on
  the hard drive

14
Recovery Console
15
Recovery Console
16
Recovery Console
17
Commands Available from the Recovery Console
18
Steps to Restore the Registry
19
Emergency Repair Process

• To recover from problems with corrupted or
  missing operating system files or a corrupted
  hard drive boot sector
• Use as a last resort it restores the system to
  the state it was immediately after the Windows
  2000 installation
• Points to a folder on the hard drive where the
  registry was backed up at installation
  (SystemRoot\repair folder)

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SystemRoot\repair Folder Contents
21
Creating an ERD
22
Creating an ERD
23
Maintenance Tools to Prevent and Solve Problems
After the OS Loads

• Chkdsk
• Disk Defragmenter
• Windows Update
• System File Checker
• Computer Management
• Microsoft Management Console
• Windows 2000 support tools
• Other sources of support

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Chkdsk

• Scans a floppy disk or hard drive for lost
  clusters and cross-linked files and repairs them
  if you have included the /F option in the command
  line
• Located in the SystemRoot\ System32 folder

25
Disk Defragmenter

• Reorganizes files on the hard drive to eliminate
  fragmented files
• Gives a graphical view of the process as it works

26
Accessing Disk Defragmenter from Explorer
27
Windows Update

• Download the latest service packs from
  windowsupdate.microsoft.com

28
System File Checker

• Part of the new Windows 2000 utility that
  protects system files, called Windows File
  Protection (WFP)
• WFP runs in the background and alerts a user when
  a system file has been altered

29
Computer Management

• A window that consolidates several tools that you
  can use to manage the local PC or other computers
  on the network
• Combines several Windows 2000 administrative tools

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Computer Management
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Microsoft Management Console

• Combines several administrative tools (snap-ins)
  into a single window
• Can be used to create your own customized consoles

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Microsoft Management Console
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Microsoft Management Console
34
Microsoft Management Console
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Microsoft Management Console
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Microsoft Management Console
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Windows 2000 Support Tools
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Windows 2000 Support Tools
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Other Sources of Support

• The Microsoft Web site at support.microsoft.com
• The Windows 2000 Professional Resource Kit by
  Microsoft Press

40
Chapter Summary

• Similarities and differences among
• Windows 98
• Windows NT Workstation
• Windows 2000
• How Windows 2000 manages hardware and software
• How to support Windows 2000