The Phoenicians and the Lydians

1
The Phoenicians and the Lydians

• Chapter 2
• Section 5

2
Phoenicians

• Loose union of city-states
• Sea was vital for trade
• Little fertile land
• Surrounding mountains made travel difficult
• Very skilled sailors
• One of the greatest traders in the ancient world
• Lumber
• Metals
• Gold and silver
• Murex- shellfish used to make a purple dye

3
Phoenicians

• Peaked around 1000 B.C.
• Culture
• Very similar to Babylonians and Egyptians
• Religion
• Very focused on winning the favor of the gods
• In some cases, children were sacrificed
• Usually following natural disasters
• Writing
• Phoencian Alphabet- became the model for Western
  alphabets

4
Phoenicians

• Never established a major empire, but the
  Phoenician alphabet was a major contribution
• Greeks and Romans adopted the alphabet
• Conquered by the Assyrians

5
Lydians

• Peaked around 600 B.C.
• Makes up what is today the Asia Minor
  (present-day Turkey)
• Major contribution coined money
• Why was this so important?
• No longer had to rely on bartering for trade
• Their development of a money economy spread
  across the ancient world

6
The Origins of Judaism

• Chapter 2
• Section 6

7
Hebrews

• Ancestors of the modern Jews
• Inhabited Canaan
• Small strip of land south of Phoenicia
• See map on p. 41
• Abraham
• Founder of the Hebrew people
• Jacob
• Grandson of Abraham
• Had 12 sons
• Each established a tribe
• Twelve Tribes of Israel

8
Exodus

• Due to droughts, the Hebrews left Canaan and
  traveled to Egypt
• Lived peacefully in Egypt for some time
• Eventually fell out of favor of the Egyptians
• Why?
• Most scholars believe that the Hebrews may have
  come to Egypt with the Hyksos
• When the Egyptians expelled the Hyksos in 1200
  B.C., they held the Hebrews as slaves

9
Exodus

• Hebrews held as slaves for over 400 years
• Moses
• Led the Hebrews from slavery (Exodus)
• Led the Hebrews into the desserts of the Sinai
  Peninsula
• The Ten Commandments
• Moses climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai and
  returned with tablets containing the commandments
• Inspired, Moses set out to claim Canaan

10
Activity

• Read the Ten Commandments on p. 45
• Write a response to each commandment explaining
  why the rule would help to preserve the Hebrew
  community
• Use complete sentences
• 10 pts.
• Hint Covet desiring goods belonging to others

11
Founding of Israel

• Resistance in Canaan
• Canaanites in the north
• Conquered by the Hebrews
• Philistines in the south
• Driven out by the Hebrews, but never fully
  conquered
• During the fighting, the 12 Tribes united under a
  single kingdom- Israel
• Saul ? 1st king
• David ? succeeded Saul and made Jerusalem a
  religious center
• Solomon? brought Israel to its height in wealth
  in power

12
Divided Kingdom

• After Solomons death in the late 900s B.C., the
  kingdom divided due to struggles for political
  power
• Northern tribes formed the kingdom of Israel
• Southern tribes formed the kingdom of Judah
• Lacking unity and strength, the two kingdoms were
  conquered
• 722 B.C.? Assyrians conquered Israel
• 587 B.C. ? Chaldeans conquered Judah

13
Freedom

• When Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the
  Chaldeans, he allowed the Hebrews to return to
  their homeland
• The Hebrews rebuilt Jerusalem
• Torah- The first 5 books of the Old Testament
• Includes the Hebrew code of Laws

14
Judaism

• Yahweh ? Hebrew God
• Spiritual force, not a glorified human or nature
• Political rulers had no claims to divinity
• According to the Ten Commandments, only Yahweh is
  divine
• Monotheistic
• Ethical monotheism
• Emphasizes ethics, or proper conduct
• Carried over to the founding of Christianity
• Judeo-Christian ethics ? similar values
• One of the most important contributions to
  Western civilization

15
Dead Sea Scrolls

• Ancient manuscripts
• Date back to the 100s B.C.
• Detailing the history and principles of Judaism

16
Activity/HW

• Section 6 Review
• P. 47
• 3
• 4 c and d only
• Ch. 2 Review
• P. 48
• Writing About History
• ONLY COMPLETE THE CHART
• DO NOT WRITE A REPORT
• Unless you want to )