Great Civilizations Learning Packet

1
Great Civilizations Learning Packet

• The First Civilizations Arose in Four Great River
  Valleys

2
Vocabulary Quiz 1-4

• The Egyptians used hieroglyphics as a system of
  writing that used pictures that represented words
  and sounds.
• Kingdom is another name for monarchy.
• A government headed by a king or queen is called
  a monarchy.
• Rulers of Egypt were called pharaohs.

3
Vocabulary Quiz 5-8

• 5. Egypt had a family of rulers, which is also
  called a dynasty.
• 6. The Egyptians united different territories
  under one ruler, which is a empire.
• 7. Belief in many gods is called polytheism.
• 8. Egyptians used the process of mummification to
  preserve dead bodies.

4
Vocabulary Quiz 9-12

• 9. People who had the ability to read and write
  in Egyptian society were called scribes.
• 10. The Sumerian government was known as a
  city-state and included a town and surrounding
  land.
• 11. Sumerian writing was called cuneiform.
• 12. Sumerians built temples shaped like a wedding
  cake called ziggurats.

5
Vocabulary Quiz 13-17

• 13. Cavalry is a military unit of riders on
  horses.
• 14. People who are paid to serve in a foreign
  army are called mercenaries.
• 15. Trading one good or service for another is
  called barter.
• 16. When religion is based on one god and
  preaches proper conduct it is called Ethical
  Monotheism.
• 17. Moses was a prophet that received moral laws,
  known as the Ten Commandments by the Hebrew God,
  Yahweh.

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CH 2 SECT 1
POLYTHEISM
PERSIANS
HYKSOS
ASSYRIANS
MONOTHEISM
NUBIANS
LATE PERIOD INVADERS
MOSTLY LOWER CLASS
RELIGION
INVADERS
CLASS STRUCTURE
EGYPT
MONARCHY
TYPE OF GOVERNMENT
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CH 2 SECT 1
WRITTEN ON
PAPYRUS
EGYPT
WRITING SYSTEM
HEIROGLYPHICS
DECIPHERED BY
CHAMPOLION
8
CH 2 SECT 1
NATURAL BARRIERS
EGYPT
SEAS
OLD KINGDOM CONSTRUCTION
GEOGRAPHY
DESERTS
LEADERS
PYRAMIDS
NILE RIVER VALLEY
OASIS
PHARAOHS
TOMB FOUND INTACT
SILT
FIRST WOMAN
ONLY MEMBERS OF ONE FAMILY IN CONTROL
YEARLY FLOODS
KING TUT
HATSHEPSUT
DYNASTY
9
CH. 2 SECT. 2
VOYAGES BY SHIP TO
GEOMETRY USED TO
MAJOR CROPS
EARLY MEDICAL BOOK
GROUPS TRAVELLED TOGETHER
EGYPTIAN LIFESTYLE
EDUCATION
ARCHITECTURE
RELIGION
CALENDARS
10
CH. 2 SECT. 2
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
WHEAT AND BARLEY FOR FOOD
RED SEA
COTTON FOR CLOTH
AEGEAN SEA
VOYAGES BY SHIP TO
MAJOR CROPS
CARAVANS
GROUPS TRAVELLED TOGETHER
EGYPTIAN LIFESTYLE
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EGYPTIAN LIFESTYLE
ARCHITECTURE
GREAT SPHINX
GREAT PYRAMIDS
CALENDARS
BUILT BY SLAVES
RELIGION
BASED UPON THE STAR SIRIUS
OSIRIS JUDGED SOULS
AMON THE SUN GOD
MUMMIFICATION
CH. 2 SECT. 2
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CH. 2 SECT. 2
BUILD CANALS
CREATE BOUNDARIES AND MAPS
GEOMETRY USED TO
THE BOOK OF HEALING DISEASES
EARLY MEDICAL BOOK
SCRIBES ARE THE MOST EDUCATED
EDUCATION
EGYPTIAN LIFESTYLE
13
Assignment Page 5 of your packet
STOP
Use maps in blue textbooks to complete the
crossword puzzle today in class!
14
Fertile Crescent Civilizations- page 7

• Location- Southwestern Asia
• Rulers- Kings were the rulers of Sumerian
  city-states
• Two River Valleys- Tigris and Euphrates empty
  into the Persian Gulf

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Sumerians I

• Polytheism- Sumerians believed in many gods
• Haunted People- They believed ghosts would haunt
  you if the dead were displeased
• Architecture- Sumerians built the first arches
  and temples called ziggurats

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Sumerians II

• Iron Age- Began in the Fertile Crescent 3,200
  years ago developing stronger tools.
• Class Structure- King (top), Priests Govt
  officials (middle), Slaves and peasants.
• Primary Sources- Are actual artifacts from a
  historical era.

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Sumerians III

• Early Writing- Sumerian writing was called
  Cuneiform (on right)
• Domesticated- They tamed oxen, goats, sheep,
  donkeys, and cows.
• City-States- Sumerian form of government was
  controlled by a king.

18
Sumerians IV

• Why city-states? Sumerians could control a town
  and the surrounding lands.
• Cruel Gods- They believed that angry gods caused
  unpredictable floods.
• Secondary?- Are documents written about a
  historical era. Ex. Your history book

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Sumerians V

• New Math- Sumerians developed many of the
  principles of Algebra
• Mesopotamia- Greek name for the Tigris-Euphrates
  River Valley
• Priests/Leaders- Were nobles and made up the
  small middle class

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Developments of the Fertile Crescent- page 8

• Historical Figure- Hammurabi
• Civilization- Babylonians
• Achievement- Codified Law (ex. Student handbook)

21
Fertile Crescent II

• Historical Figure- Nebuchadnezzar
• Civilization- Chaldeans
• Achievement- The Hanging Gardens (one of the
  Seven Wonders of the World)

22
Fertile Crescent III

• Historical Figure- Sargon of Akkad
• Civilization- Akkadians
• Achievement- Created an empire stretching from
  the Fertile Crescent to the Mediterranean Sea

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Fertile Crescent IV

• Historical Figure- Alexander the Great
• Civilization- Macedonians
• Achievement- Conquered the Persian Empire

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Tigris Euphrates Fertile Crescent
Civilizations

• Sumerians
• 3000-2400 B.C.
• Created city-states
• Invented the Wheel/Carts
• Used algebra
• Did not believe in the afterlife

25
Babylonians

• Babylonians
• 1800-1600 B.C.
• Created Codified Law
• Established womens rights
• Very strict society

26
Persians

• Persians
• 550-331 B.C.
• Tolerant society
• Large empire
• Developed a belief in the afterlife

27
Similarities of Fertile Crescent Civilizations
Used Law Codes
Babylonians
Persians
Irrigation Polytheism
Pride in Architecture
City-State Governments
Sumerians
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Sargon of Akkad established an empire west to
Syria
Pg. 9

• What? Akkadians control the Fertile Crescent
• Causes? Sargon was a strong leader, Akkadians
  spoke the same language, trade among city-states
• Factors against it? Semitic invaders

29
Hittite Law Code is less strict than Hammurabis
Code

• What? Crime rises
• Causes? Opposition to Hammurabis strictness,
  innocent people punished, people wanted
  premeditation determined
• Factors against it? Some still supported
  Hammurabis Code

30
Assyrian development of Cavalry
Pg. 10

• What? Military domination by Assyrians
• Causes? Specialization in warfare, Desire to
  expand, horses were native to the Fertile
  Crescent
• Factors against it? Government inefficiency

31
Nebuchadnezzar builds the Hanging Gardens for his
Wife

• What? Chaldeans viewed as top civilization
• Causes? Better transportation, good foreign
  relations, mercenaries are paid to protect trade
  routes
• Factors against it? Thieves and No climate control

32
Assignment- pages 11-13 in your packet due next
class period.
STOP
Great Civilizations Test A-Days Thursday,
B-Days Friday
33
Phoenicians develop an Alphabet
Pg. 14

• Result? Alphabet becomes a model
• Causes? Were seafaring traders, needed to keep
  records
• Factors against it? Many unwilling to change,
  education is scarce

34
Lydians develop a Money Economy

• Result? Governments begin to produce coined
  money
• Causes? Hard to strike deals using barter and
  trade increases
• Factors against it? Many unwilling to change,
  governments are slow to establish money
  requirements

35
Hebrews develop Ethical Monotheism

• Result? Judaism quickly gains popularity.
• Causes? Moses and the Ten Commandments,
  Establishment of Canaan, Years of slavery and
  conquest
• Factors against it? High illiteracy prevents
  people from reading the Old Testament,
  Polytheistic people reject the idea of a single
  God.

36
Political Decision- Making in the First Age of
Empires
Pg. 15
Who Persian Empire

• Problem How can a ruler govern a large empire
  to establish stability and prosperity?

37
Alternatives Possible Results
Pg. 15

• Use military force to add new territories and
  collect tribute

• Resentment leads to rebellion and may produce
  instability

It becomes easier to govern diverse cultures and
populations
Divide territories into provinces with local
governors or use civil service
38
Alternatives Possible Results
Pg. 15

• Allow self-government and tolerate local customs

• Loyalty to the empire and its leader grows

People identify with dominant culture which
promotes unity
Encourage adoption of empires religion,
language, and culture
Build roads and other communication channels
Empire is unified, which makes expansion,
control, and trade easier
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Solution chosen by Cyrus and Darius

• Divided territories into twenty provinces
• Allowed local self-government by national groups
• Built the Royal Road to reach distant parts of
  the empire.

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Great Civilizations Activity

• Select four items you think you should know about
  your selected civilization.
• Draw two pictures of items you think you should
  know about your civilization.
• Write both of your names on the poster.
• We will review these civilizations and highlight
  them in the chart on page 16.

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Pages of your textbook for help

• Sumerians 38-43 / 27-32
• Egyptians 45-53 / 22-27
• Phoenicians 55-56 / 38-39
• Hebrews 56-60 / 39-45
• Assyrians 61-62 / 34-35
• Persians 62-64 / 36-37

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Early Civilizations Summary
43
Assignment- Pages 17-20 of your packet due next
class period.
STOP
Chapter Test- next class period. Study session
tomorrow _at_ 740 A.M. or 245 P.M.