Department of Education

1
Department of Education
Safe Use of Machinery in Technology Teaching
2
Program Purpose

• To be able to test and demonstrate knowledge in
  the safe use of static powered machinery
• To have an understanding of safety requirements
  according to current Victorian legislation

3
Learning Outcomes

• VBQU618 Apply OHS principles to technology
  teaching
• Describe technology area roles and
  responsibilities of employers, employees, and
  contractors as set out in occupational health and
  safety legislation eg. technology head, health
  and safety representative, technology teachers,
  management nominee
• Maintain awareness of all relevant OHS Risk
  Management requirements for managing risks in
  technology
• Develop understanding of hazards in technology
  and the application to machinery safety
• Learn about the management of hazardous
  substances in the technology teaching environment

4
Learning Outcomes
VBQU619 Safely operate and maintain woodworking
machines

• Learn about preparing, operating and maintaining
  woodwork machinery, including basic machinery
  safety
• Develop understanding of managing safety in a
  woodwork teaching workshop
• Implement housekeeping procedures in a technology
  teaching environment and safe operation of all
  common woodwork machinery

5
Learning Outcomes
VBQU619 Safely operate and maintain metalworking
machines

• Understand metal shop safety in the technology
  teaching environment and safe operation of all
  common metalwork machinery
• Learn about preparing metal working machines for
  use
• Learn about operating, maintaining metal working
  machines
• Implement housekeeping procedures in a teaching
  metal shop

6
Session 1
VBQU618 Apply OHS Principles to Technology
Teaching
7
Legislation

• Acts
• Regulations
• Compliance Codes
• Standards
• Guidance
• Agreements and contracts

8
WorkSafe Victoria

• WorkSafe Victoria is the Victorian WorkCover
  Authoritys occupational health and safety arm
• Responsibilities include
• - prevent workplace injuries- enforce
  Victorias OHS Laws

9
Objects of the OHS Act 2004
S2

• to secure the health, safety and welfare of
  employees and other persons at work
• to eliminate, at the source, risks to health
  safety or welfare of employees and other persons
  at work
• to ensure that the health and safety of members
  of the public is not placed at risk by the
  conduct of undertakings by employers and
  self-employed persons
• to provide for involvement of employees,
  employers and organisations representing those
  persons in the formulation and implementation of
  health, safety and welfare standards

10
Principles of Health and Safety Protection
S4
1 All people must be given the highest level of
protection against risks
3 Employers and self-employed persons must be
proactive
2 Those who control
or manage the workplace are responsible for
eliminating or reducing risks as far as is
reasonably practicable.
5 Employees are entitled, should be encouraged to
be represented
4 Employers and employees should exchange
Information and ideas about risks
11
Concept of Ensuring Health and Safety
S20

• Eliminate risks to health and safety so far as is
  reasonably practicable
• If not reasonably practicable to eliminate risks
• Reduce risks so far as is reasonably practicable
• Note health includes psychological health

12

S20
When determining what is Reasonably Practicable
regard must be had to

• likelihood of the hazard or risk eventuating
• the degree of harm that would result if the
  hazard or risk eventuated
• what the person concerned knows, or ought to
  reasonably know about the hazard or risk and ways
  of eliminating or reducing it
• the availability and suitability of ways to
  eliminate or reduce the hazard or risk
• the cost of eliminating or reducing the hazard
  or risk

13
Duties of Employers
S21(1)

• An employer must, so far as is reasonably
  practicable, provide and maintain for employees
  of the employer a working environment that is
  safe and without risks to health.

Definition of health includes psychological
health
14
Duties of Employers
S21 (a-e)

• Employers must so far as is reasonably
  practicable

• provide or maintain plant or systems of work
• manage risk when using, handling, storing and
  transporting plant or substances
• maintain workplaces under their control and
  management in a safe and healthy condition
• provide adequate facilities for the welfare of
  employees
• provide information, instruction, training or
  supervision to employees to perform their work
  that is safe and without risks to health

15
Contractors
S21(3)(a)

• Employee includes an independent contractor
  engaged by an employer and any employees of the
  independent contractor

16
Contractors
S21(3)(b)

• the duties of an employer under those
  sub-sections extend to such an independent
  contractor and the independent contractors
  employees, in relation to matters over which the
  employer
• has control or
• would have had control but for any agreement
  between the employer and the independent
  contractor to limit or remove that control.

17
Duties of Employers
S22

• An employer must so far as is reasonably
  practicable

• monitor the health of the employees
• monitor the conditions at the workplace
• provide information to employees (in appropriate
  languages) concerning health and safety at the
  workplace, including the names to whom an
  employee may make an enquiry or complaint about
  health and safety
• keep information and records relating to health
  and safety of employees
• employ or engage qualified people to provide
  advice on occupational health and safety

18
Duties of Employees
S25

• Take reasonable care of themselves
• Take reasonable care of others who may be
  affected by their acts or omissions
• Co-operate with their employer on safety matters
• Not to intentionally or recklessly interfere with
  or misuse anything provided at the workplace in
  the interests of health, safety or welfare
• In determining failure to take reasonable care
  regard must be had to what the employee knew
  about the relevant circumstances

19
Employers and Self Employed Persons
S2324

• Responsibility to ensure that persons (other than
  employees) are not exposed to risks arising from
  conduct of their undertaking

20
Duties of Designers of Plant
S27

• Must ensure that the plant is designed to be
  without risks to health and safety when used for
  the purpose it was designed.

• Must carry out tests and examinations to ensure
  that the plant is safe when used for its intended
  purpose.
• Must provide information about the intended
  purpose of the plant, test results and any
  conditions necessary to ensure that it is safe
  when used for the intended purpose.

21
Duties of Manufacturers of Plant or Substances
S29

• Must ensure that plant and substances are safe
  when used for the purpose they were manufactured
• Must carry out or arrange tests and examinations
  to ensure that the plant/substance is safe when
  used for intended purpose
• Must give suppliers and users of plant or
  substances information about
• the intended purpose(s) of the plant or
  substances,
• the results of tests for plant or substances and
  
• any condition necessary to ensure that when used
  for intended purpose they are safe.

22
Licences, Registration and Permits

S40,4142

• Employers must not allow work to be carried out
  unless the workplace activity, plant or substance
  is licensed or registered as required under the
  relevant regulations.
• An employer must not allow the person to work
  unless the person has the required training,
  qualification, permits or supervision.

23
Penalties
The value of a penalty unit is 110.12 July 2007
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Workplace Consultation and Workplace
Representation
(Duties to consult commenced January 2006)
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ConsultationEmployer must
S3536

• Consult employees on OHS matters that directly
  affect them especially for

• Health monitoring
• Workplace environmental monitoring
• Providing information and training
• Membership of any health and safety committee
• Proposed changes workplace, plant, substances,
  other things, conduct of work performed

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Consultation Employer must
S3536

• Consult employees on OHS matters that directly
  affect them especially when

• Identifying or assessing hazards and risks
• Making decisions about control measures
• Making decisions about the adequacy of facilities
• Issue resolution procedures
• Consultation procedures

27
Issue Resolution and Roles of Inspectors
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Workplace Issue Resolution Duties of Employers
S73(2)

• employers representative
• is not a health and safety representative
• has an appropriate level of seniority
• is sufficiently competent
• resolve health and safety issues

29
Workplace Issue Resolution
Employer and employees affected by the issue must
attempt to resolve the issue

• Step 1
• Employee raises an issue with supervisor and/or
  health and safety representative and/or
  management representative
• (note that an employee from another DWG can
  raise an issue with another DWG health and safety
  representative)

30
Workplace Issue Resolution

• Step 2
• Issue is reviewed and is resolved acceptable
  solution is implemented
• Step 3
• Issue is not resolved health and safety
  representative can issue a PIN
• Step 4
• Inspector can be called in to resolve the issue

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Issue Resolution Flow Chart
32
Roles and Responsibilities of WorkSafe Inspectors

• Monitor and enforce compliance with OHS
  legislation
• Provide information and advice to workplace
  parties
• Assist in resolving OHS issues and disputes
• Investigate incidents and complaints
• Initiate prosecutions, as required

33
Technology Area

• eg. Inspectors may be looking for
• Unsafe machinery
• Storage of hazardous substances
• Storage of materials
• Safe work practices

34
Inspectors General Powers of Entry
S99

• inspect, examine and make enquiries
• inspect and examine any thing
• bring any equipment or materials
• seize any thing (including documents)
• seize any thing for further testing or
  examination
• take photographs and measurements, make
  sketches and recordings
• exercise any other power
• any other thing that is reasonably necessary

35
Directions and Notices issued by Inspectors

• Directions
• Verbal or written Directions if there is an
  immediate threat to health and safety
• Non-Disturbance Notice
• Stop use, movement of, interference with any
  plant, substance or thing (no more than 7 days)
• Improvement Notice
• Situation must be remedied by a given date, can
  include directions and interim directions and
  conditions
• Prohibition Notice
• Prohibits the carrying on of an activity, or the
  carrying on of the activity in a specified way

36
Session 2
Plant Safety
37
Controlling OHS Hazards Risks
38
Hazard

• the potential to cause injury, illness or
  property damage

39
Hazards
Examples of hazards

• air borne contaminants
• noise
• dangerous chemicals or harmful substances
• moving vehicles
• manual handling
• oil spills
• naked flames
• operating machinery

40
Hazard Groups

• Physicalnoise, vibration, lighting, electrical,
  temperature, radiation, machinery, fire and
  explosion
• Chemicalgases, dusts, fumes, vapours, liquids

• Ergonomicmanual handling, workplace layout,
  equipment design, workstation design
• BiologicalInfections, bacteria, viruses
• Psychologicalstress, personal threat

41
Physical Hazard - Noise
42
Physical Hazard - Vibration

• Whole body
• Segmental
• White finger

43
Technology Hazards

• Poor design
• Cutting
• Crushing
• Striking
• Protrusions stabbing
• Impact
• Abrasion friction
• Entanglement

44
Physical Hazard - Electric

• Cause
• Death and Serious Burns
• Prevention
• Check power tools and leads
• Test and tag
• Use qualified electricians
• Use Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCBs)
• Use rubber insulation
• Establish safe work practices

45
Physical Hazard - Light

• Australian Standard 1680 Interior and
  Workplace Lighting
• Amount of light
• Number and position of lights
• Interior lighting
• Tasks and activities performed

46
Temperature
 
Cold
Hot
21C
26C
30C
16C
Comfort Range
47
Physical Hazard Slips, Trips and Falls

• Spills
• Cleaning agents
• Poor housekeeping
• rushing

• Heights
• Ladders
• Lighting
• Floor coverings

48
Chemical Hazards

• Gases- oxygen, acetylene, nitrogen
• Solids - metals,minerals
• Liquids - acids, alkalis
• Dust - asbestos, wood dust
• Mist - paint spray
• Vapour - petrol

49
Ergonomic Hazards

• Fit the workplace to the worker
• NOT the worker to the workplace

50
Ergonomic Hazards

• Use mechanical handling devices rather than
  physical (manual) handling

51
Hazard Identification

• workplace inspections
• product information
• reports
• incident - illness - injury
• legislative requirements
• employees
• personal knowledge
• experience and observation
• industry/trade associations, unions
• consultant reports
• health safety committee minutes

52
Risk

• Means the likelihood of injury or illness arising
  from exposure to any hazard

53
Risk Assessment
The following needs to be considered

• Who is exposed to the hazard?
• How often are people near the hazard?
• Has this hazard already caused any problems?
• How easily could someone be hurt?
• How common is it for this hazard to cause
  problems in other workplaces?
• Which factors relating to that hazard need to be
  taken into account, according to health and
  safety law?
• Which factors or specific aspects of the work are
  increasing the likelihood of injury or illness?

54
Step One - Likelihood

• Very likely - expected to occur
• Likely - will probably occur
• Moderate - might occur
• Unlikely - could occur
• Rare - may occur

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Step Two - Consequence

• Insignificant - no injuries
• Minor - first aid
• Moderate - medical treatment
• Major - extensive injuries
• Catastrophic - death

56
Step Three Risk Table
57
Hierarchy of Control

• Elimination
• Substitution
• Engineering
• Administrative
• Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment

58
What are the key features of the Plant
Regulations?

• No mandatory government approval or inspection of
  plant
• No mandatory requirement for compliance with the
  relevant Australian Standards
• Specified duties for designers, manufacturers,
  importers and suppliers of plant, employers, and
  the self-employed

59
Performance based legislation

• Does not specify minute detail
• Sets the standard
• Flexibility in developing solutions
• Code of Practice for Plant 1995
• Australian Standards or equivalent
• Alternative methods

60
What is plant?

• As defined under the OHS Act 2004
• includes any machinery, equipment, appliance,
  implement and tool
• any component of any of those things and
• anything fitted, connected or related to any of
  those things

61
OHS Regulations 2007 Part 3.5 - Plant
What is plant?

• Plant that processes material, by way of a
  mechanical action, which
• cuts, drills, punches or grinds the material
  or
• presses, forms, hammers, joins or moulds the
  material or
• combines, mixes, sorts, packages, assembles,
  knits or weaves the material

62
OHS Regulations 2007 Part 3.5 - Plant
Do not apply to

• Plant which relies exclusively on manual power
  for its operation
• Plant which is designed to be primarily supported
  by the hand
• Ships, boats or aircraft
• Vehicles designed to be used primarily as a means
  of transport on public roads or rail

63
Employer Duties

• Plant under their management or control
• Hazard identification and control of risk
• Information, instruction and training
• Consultation with health and safety
  representatives
• Review of risk control measures
• Specific risk control duties in relation to
• guarding
• operator controls and emergency stop
• warning devices
• installation, erection and commissioning of plant
• use of plant and plant not in use
• records of inspection and maintenance
• powered mobile plant
• rollover protection on tractors
• electrical hazards
• lift trucks
• scaffolds
• lifts

64
Hierarchy of Controls - Plant

• Elimination
• Substitution
• Engineering Controls
• design modification
• guarding
• enclosures
• ventilation
• automation
• Isolation
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment

65
Session 3
Manual Handling
66
Health and Safety Problems with Manual Handling
muscular/joint pain injury
physical tiredness
back injuries
abdominal hernia
impact injury
67
Manual Handling Legislative Framework
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007
Compliance Code or Code of Practice for Manual
Handling
68
Manual Handling

• .... any activity requiring the use of force
  exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull,
  carry or otherwise move, hold or restrain any
  object.

69
Musculoskeletal Disorder

• ..means an injury, illness or disease that
  arises in whole or in any part from manual
  handling in the workplace, whether occurring
  suddenly or over a prolonged period of time,
• but does not include an injury, illness or
  disease that is caused by crushing, entrapment or
  cut resulting primarily from the mechanical
  operation of plant.

70
The Problem with Manual Handling

• Traditional Approach Safe Lifting Technique
• Assessment mainly for weight and worker
  capability
• No real long term controls and solutions
• Workers still have to lift objects
• Requires reinforcement and supervision
• Pressure of work affects performance

71
OHS Regulations 2007 3.1 Manual Handling

• Require an employer to
• identify hazardous manual handling activities
• implement controls to eliminate or reduce the
  risk associated with those manual handling
  activities
• Review the risk control measures

72
Hazardous Manual Handling

• repetitive or sustained application of force
• repetitive or sustained awkward posture
• repetitive or sustained movement
• application of high force
• exposure to sustained vibration
• manual handling of live person or animals
• manual handling of unstable or unbalanced loads
  or loads which are difficult to grasp or hold

73
Risk controls must consider

• postures
• movements
• forces
• duration and frequency
• environmental factors

74
Risk Control

• Once a hazardous manual handling task has been
  assessed, eliminate or reduce the risk by
• altering the workplace layout
• altering the environmental conditions
• altering the system of work
• changing the objects
• using mechanical aids
• any mechanical aids
• any combination of the above
• aroviding information, training and instruction
  (if the above are not practicable)

75
Session 4
Noise
76
Introduction

• High Noise Levels can lead to
• Industrial deafness
• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
• Disturbance
• Immediate damage with very high levels
• Noise induced hearing loss is preventable

77
Noise Exposure Standard
78
Noise Induced Hearing Loss

• Due to damaged nerve cells in the cochlea.
• Caused by prolonged exposure to loud noises.
• It can be temporary or permanent. Temporary
  hearing loss will return after 4 to 20 hours
  rest.
• Noise induced hearing loss is usually slow,
  painless and permanent.
• It cannot be cured. It can be prevented.

79
Hierarchy of Control - Noise

• Elimination
• Substitution
• Engineering Controls
• isolation by enclosures, barriers or vibration
  isolation mountings
• any other physical control to reduce noise
  generation or transmission
• Administrative Controls
• increasing distance from the source
• limiting entry
• reducing duration to noise exposure
• other systems of work to reduce noise exposure
• PPE

80
Hearing Protection
SLC80 System Noise at the workers ear dB(A)
Measured noise level - SLC80 of PPE
Class System
81
Session 5
Hazardous Substances
82
Hazardous Substances

• Can be
• Chemicals
• Dusts
• Biological Hazards
• Radiation

83
Hazardous Substances

• Health Effects
• Very Toxic
• Toxic
• Harmful

84
Hazardous Substances
Health Effects

• Corrosivecapable of causing damage to living
  tissue
• Irritantmay cause inflammation or irritation to
  skin, eye or other tissue
• Sensitising may cause specific respiratory
  hypersensitivity or contact dermatitis

85
Hazardous Substances

• Health Effects

Carcinogenic capable of causing
cancer Mutagenic capable of causing a change in
genetic material in cells (mutation) Teratogenic c
apable of causing abnormalities in a developing
foetus (birth defects)
86
Chemical Labels

• Chemical name
• Active constituents
• Directions for use
• Limitations on use
• Storage and disposal
• Safety directions and first aid
• Condition of sale, manufacturers name and
  address
• Batch number and expiry date
• United Nations number
• Dangerous Goods diamonds

87
Material Safety Data Sheets New Format

• Physical and chemical properties
• Stability and reactivity
• Toxicological information
• Ecological information
• Disposal considerations
• Transport information
• Regulatory information
• Other information

• Identification of material and supplier
• Composition/information on ingredients
• Hazards identification
• First-aid measures
• Fire fighting measures
• Accidental release measures
• Handling and storage
• Exposure controls and personal protection

88
Hazardous Substances Information

• Read the label
• Read the Material Safety Data Sheet
• Find out what the material is before you start
  working

89
Dangerous Goods Diamonds
90
Dangerous Goods Diamonds
91
Hazardous Substances and Dangerous Goods Summary
92
Action Planning
What things can I do to improve health and
safety?