Professional Skills II

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Professional Skills II

• Dr. Mohammed Iqbal Musani, MD

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How to Order the Complete Laboratory Tests

• Lab Test Menu

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Why Clinician order the Lab Test

• Clinicians take the complete Case History they
  know the symptoms.
• Based Upon History they make Provisional
  Diagnosis in their mind about the case.
• Then They examine the case- Examination by
  Eliciting the Clinical signs
• After Knowing the Symptoms Signs.

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Tentative Diagnosis

• They have made the tentative Diagnosis.
• Now this diagnosis needs to be proved or
  ascertained by doing the Investigations.
• Laboratory Tests.
• X ray Examination.
• CT scan Examination.
• MRI examination.
• Other special Investigations etc.

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Other possibility

• Instead of One diagnosis in their mind..
• They have more than one diagnosis..
• We call this as Differential diagnosis
• Now the Investigations are done to rule out one
  by one so that final one diagnosis is reached for
  the proper treatment of patient

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What are laboratory Tests

• These are variety of Tests done on various
  fluids or tissues of the body..
• Blood- Whole Blood, Serum, Plasma,
• Urine.
• Stool
• Sputum,
• CSF etc..

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Laboratory Test Menu.

• Tests are broadly Classified in to
• Hematology Tests.
• Biochemical tests
• Blood Bank tests.
• Serology Test
• Immunology Tests
• Parasitology tests
• Microbiology Tests
• Hormones Etc.

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Hematology Tests

• WBC count
• RBC Count
• Hemoglobin
• Bleeding Time
• Clotting Time
• Differential WBC
• Platelet Count
• Reticulocyte count
• ESR
• Blood Film for Malaria

• Sickling Test
• Coombs Test.
• CBC-Complete Blood Count
• G6PD test
• Hemoglobin Electro
• Blood Cell Morphology
• Glycosylated HB
• Prothrombin Time
• A P T T

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Bio Chemical tests

• Fasting Blood Sugar FBS
• PP Blood Sugar
• Random Blood Sugar
• Glycosylated HB
• GTT Glucose curve.
• S.Urea
• S. Creatinine.
• Creatinine Clearance Test
• S. Cholesterol
• S. Triglycerides.
• S. HDL
• S. LDL
• Lipid Profile.

• S. SGPT ( ALT)
• S. SGOT ( AST)
• S. Alk Phosphatase
• Total Bilirubin.
• Direct Bilirubin
• Indirect Bilirubin
• S Total Proteins
• S Uric Acid
• S Acid Phosphatase
• S Lithium
• S Gamma G T
• S Troponin I
• S LDH

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Biochemical Test

• S. SODIUM
• S. POTTASSIUM
• S. CHLORIDE
• S. CALCIUM
• S. PHOSPHORUS
• S. IRON
• S. TIBC
• S. MAGNESIUM
• S. PAMYLASE
• S. URIC ACID
• S. ACID PHOSPHATASE
• BLOOD GASSES PROFILE
• S. GAMMA GT.
• LIVER FUNCTION TEST.
• ALBUMEN I GLOB RATIO.

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Biochemical Test

• C S F EXAMINATION.
• S. LIPID PROFILE.
• S. ZINC LEVEL
• S. TRANSFERRIN
• S. PSEUDO- CHE
• S. CO2 (BI-CARBONATE).
• S. AMMONIA.
• URINARY 24 Hrs. PROTEIN

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Profiles for Anemia

• ANEMIA GROUP TESTS
• CBC
• S.IRON
• S. TIBC
• S. FERRITIN
• S. TRANSFERRIN
• SICKLING TEST.
• DIRECT COOMBS TEST

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Diabetic Profile

• DIABETES TESTS
• BLOOD SUGAR FASTING
• BLOOD SUGSR P.P.
• BLOOD SUGAR RANDOM
• GTT BLOOD SUGAR CURVE
• GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN

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Blood Bank Test

• BLOOD BANK SERVICES
• DONOR SCREENING
• BLOOD GROUP DONORS.
• FRESH BLOOD 500 CCS.
• STORED BLOOD BB.
• PACKEC RBCS 1 UNIT
• FRESH BLOOD 250 ML.
• FROZEN PLASMA
• CROSS MATCH
• PATIENTS SCREENING

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Serological Test

• W1DAL TEST
• BRUCELLA ANTIBODY TEST
• VORL I RPR QUALITATIVE.
• VORL! RPR TITRE.
• TPHA QUALITATIVE.
• TPHA TITRE.
• CRP
• RHEUMATOID FACTOR
• ASOT (ASOTITRE)
• MONO TEST
• TOXOPLASMA IgG
• TOXOPLASMA 1gM
• RUBELLA IgG
• RUBELLA 1gM
• LEISMANIA ANTIBODY.

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Serological Tests

• BILHARZIA ANTIBODY.
• CHLAMYDIA ANTIGEN TEST.
• CHLAMYDIA ANTIBODY TEST.
• HERPES SIMPLEX ANTIGEN TEST.
• HERPES I II I9G ANTIBODY.
• HERPES SIMPLEX 1gM ANTIBODY.
• C M V 1gM ANTIBODY.
• GONOCOCCAL ANTIBODY.
• A N A ANTI NUCLEAR ANTIBODY.
• S. IgE LEVEL (SEMI QUANT)
• THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY.
• THYROID MICROSOMAL ANTIBODY.
• AUTO IMMUNE PANEL I
• TORCH IgG PANEL

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Serology Testing

• TORCH IgG PANEL
• TORCH 1gM PANEL
• SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS
• IMMUNO-ELECROPHORESIS.
• SERUM IMMGLOBULIN- M (1gM)
• SERUM IMMGLOBULIN -A (IgA)
• SERUM IMMGLOBULIN-G (IgG)
• SERUM E.B.V1RUS 1gM ANTIBODY
• T. B. ANTIBODIES
• H. PYLORI IgG Abs

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General Tests

• STOOL ROUTINE EX.
• STOOL FOR ROTA VIRUS
• STOOL FOR COMPYLOBACTER.
• STOOL FOR OCCULT BLOOD.
• URINE ROUTINE EXAMINATION
• URINE FOR ONLY SUGAR
• PREGNANCY TEST IN URINE.
• PREGNANCY TEST IN SERUM
• SEMEN ANALYSIS
• SEMEN ANALYSIS WITH FRUCTOSE.
• SEMEN PROCESSING FOR Al.
• TUBERCULINE TEST
• SKIN SCRAPPING FOR FUNGUS

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Hormones Routine Testing

• T3
• T4
• FREE T4
• TSH
• NEONATAL TSH.
• LH
• FSH
• PROLACTIN
• TESTOSTERONE
• FREE TESTOSTERONE
• PROGESTERONE

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Hormones

• ESTRAOIOL
• CORTISOL (AM)
• CORTISOL (iM)
• BETA HCG
• V 14 A.
• GROWTH HORMONE (1 SP)
• PROSTATIC SP ANTIGEN
• PARATH HORMONE.
• COMPLIMENT 3
• COMPLIMENT 4.
• ALPHA FETOPROTEIN
• C. E A

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Immunological Test

• HBSAg TEST.
• ACUTE HEPATITIS PANEL I
• ACUTE HEPATITIS PANEL II.
• PRE-VACINATION FOR HEP-B.
• HEPATITIS C ANTIBODY 3rd Gen.
• HEPATITIS A 1gM ANTIBODY.
• HEPATITIS B MARKERS.
• HIVI-HIV2 ANTIBODY ELISA.
• HEPATITIS Be ANTIGEN
• HEPATITIS Be ANTIBODY
• HEPATITIS Bs ANTIBODY

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

• THEOPHYLLINE
• DIGOXIN
• GENTAMYCIN
• PHENOBARBITAL
• PHENYTOIN ( DILANTIN)
• VALPROIC ACID ( DEPAKENE)
• CAR BAMAZEPINE ( TEGRETOL)

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Narcotic Drug Testing

• TRI-CYC ANTIDEPRESSANT
• CANNABINOIDS
• BENZODIAZEpINES
• OPIATES
• DA PROFILE
• SERUM ALCOHOL LEVELS

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Microbiological Cultures

• THROAT SWABCULTURE
• THROAT SWAB GRAM STAIN.
• SPUTUM FOR AFB ZN STAIN.
• SPUTUM FOR AFB CULTURE.
• SOUTUM CULTURE GENERAL.
• BLOOD CULTURE.
• URETHRAL DISCH FRESH SMEAR.
• URETHRAL DISCH CULTURE

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Microbiology Contd..

• PROSTATIC DISCH FRESH SMEAR.
• PROSTATIC DISCH CULTURE.
• CONJUCTIVAL SWAB GRAM STAIN.
• CONJUCTIVAL SWAB CULTURE.
• VAGINAL SWAB FRESH SMEAR.
• VAGINAL SWAB CULTURE.
• URINE EXAMINATION FOR AFB.
• URINE FOR CULTURE SENSL
• GRAM STAIN FOR ANY SP.
• CULTLJRE OF ANY SPECIMEN

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Histopathology Examination

• H.P. SMALL SPECIMEN
• H.P. MEDIUM SPECIMEN
• H.P. LARGE SPECIMEN.
• PAP SMEAR CYTOLOGY.
• BUCCALSMERA SEX CHROM.
• F N A CYTOLOGY.

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General Rules

• Better to call patient Fasting Nil Orally after
  10 PM.
• If Indoor patient- Clear instruction to nurses.
• Check Name, Regd Number Before sample.
• Proper Registration is necessary.
• How to take sample- will be dealing later.

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Your Questions ?