Human Body Systems

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Human Body Systems
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Introduction

• Understanding the bodys systems and how they
  interact and depend on each other will help you
  give appropriate care to an injured or ill person.

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Body Cavities

• A body cavity is a space in the body containing
  organs, such as the heart, lungs and liver.
• Five major cavities
• Cranial
• Spinal
• Thoracic
• Abdominal
• Pelvic

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Body Systems

• The body is made up of billions of microscopic
  cells, the basic units of all living tissue.
• Similar cells form tissues.
• An organ is a collection of similar tissues
  acting together to perform a specific body
  function.

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Body Systems(continued)

• A body system is a group of organs and other
  structures that adapt to perform specific body
  functions.
• For the body to work properly, all of the
  following body systems must work well together
• Respiratory Integumentary
• Endocrine Digestive
• Genitourinary Circulatory
• Nervous Musculoskeletal

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Body Systems(continued)
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Interrelationships Among Body Systems

• Each body system plays a vital role in survival.
• Body systems work together.
• The condition that results from the progressive
  failure of body systems is called shock.

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Respiratory System

• Function provides oxygen needed for cellular
  respiration and removes excess carbon dioxide
  from the body
• Major Organs and their function
• nose contains 2 nostrils through which air can
  enter and leave the nasal cavity
• pharynx (throat) passageway for air traveling
  between the nasal cavity and the larynx
• larynx an enlargement in the airway at the top
  of the trachea conducts air in and out of the
  trachea and prevents foreign objects from
  entering the trachea (epiglottis) it also
  houses the vocal cords

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Respiratory System

• trachea (windpipe) flexible tube that extends
  down into the thoracic cavity where it splits
  into right and left bronchus
• bronchi (bronchial tree) the bronchi and
  their branches that carry air from the trachea to
  the alveoli of the lungs
• bronchioles small branches of a bronchus within
  the lung
• alveoli the site of gas exchange within the
  lungs
• lungs soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs found in
  the thoracic cavity in which air moves into and
  out of for breathing

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Interesting Facts

• There are no muscles connected to the lungs...the
  force that drives air into the lungs comes from
  ordinary air pressure. Breathing results from
  the contraction and expansion of the diaphragm
  increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.
  Because the chest cavity is sealed, this creates
  a partial vacuum inside the cavity causing air to
  rush into the nasal cavity and down into the
  lungs.

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Common Injuries or Illness

• emphysema and lung cancer...can be caused by
  prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke and other
  carcinogens.
• Choking
• Drowning
• Suffocation
• Asphyxiation

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Respiratory System

• Activity
• If an airway obstruction blockage does not permit
  air to reach the lungs and prevents oxygen from
  being circulated to the vital organs, what can
  happen?

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Nervous System

• Function coordinates the bodys response to
  changes in its internal and external environments
• Major Organs and their function
• Brain main switching area of the central
  nervous system (relays messages, processes
  information, and analyzes information)
• Spinal cord the main communications link
  between the brain and the rest of the body)
• Peripheral nerves consists of all nerves and
  associated cells that are not a part of the brain
  or spinal cord (transmits impulses from sense
  organs to the central nervous system and from the
  central nervous system to the muscles or glands)

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Injuries and Illness of the Nervous System

• Parkinsons disease (results from neurons near
  the brain releasing a decreased amount of
  dopamine causing over activity in the basal
  nuclei region of the brain which inhibits
  movement)
• Concussion
• Stroke
• Aneurysm
• Subdural Hematoma

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Nervous System

• If a significant injury to the brain occurs, what
  can happen?