Physical Development Milestones

1
Physical Development Milestones
T
2

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT.

• ..refers to growth in the ability of children to
  use their bodies and physical skills.
• is continuous and sequential.
• occurs from general to specific.
• 2 Main Domains
• Gross motor skills - development of large muscles
  and the ability to move from place to place or do
  physical activities that involve the large
  muscles of the body, arms and legs.
• Fine motor skills - development of small muscles
  and the ability to control use of the hands and
  feet, and do activities that involve the small
  muscles of the fingers, toes and other parts of
  the body.

T
3
Given the envelope.

• You will have 3 different pieces of information
• Ages (ex. Birth -2)
• Stages ( toddler, infant, etc.)
• Descriptions/examples of large and small motor
  skills
• Sort the contents and MATCH the age, stage and
  gross/fine motors skills.

4
How did you do?
5
INFANT PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Ages birth-2

• GROSS MOTOR
• growth occurs first in a child's torso (trunk of
  the body).
• Rolls from back to side or tummy
• Sits alone
• Reaches for a parent with arms
• Crawls about on the floor
• Pulls self to a sitting position
• Pulls self up to stand next to a support (couch)
• Stands alone with support
• Takes steps alone with support, then without
  support
• -Walks backward
• Crawls up stairs with support

• FINE MOTOR
• Reaches for dangling objects or toys
• Grasps object using palm and fingers
• Passes a toy or object between hands
• Puts objects in mouth to explore
• Uses a pincer grasp (thumb and finger) to hold
  food or object
• Grasps and uses toys to play or keep attention
• Reaches for objects, such as a spoon to feed self
  

6

TODDLER PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Ages 2-3

• GROSS MOTOR
• Sits on or peddles a tricycle with support
• Runs with few falls or trips
• Walks up stairs while holding onto something
• Jumps over small obstacles

• FINE MOTOR
• Uses utensils to feed self
• Brushes teeth with a toothbrush with help
• Uses basic scissors for cutting
• Holds and uses pencil or crayon for basic drawing
  
• Snaps, buttons or zips with help

T
7

PRESCHOOL PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
3 years 5 years

• GROSS MOTOR
• Runs with energy and coordination
• Catches a ball with some practice
• Throws a ball 5 to 15 feet with overhand motion
• Walks up and down stairs alone
• Hops on one foot
• Rides a tricycle and steers well

• FINE MOTOR
• Builds using blocks stacked on top of each other
• Cuts paper in shapes
• Draws with pencil, crayons, other implements
• Turns pages of a book
• Pours water from pitcher to cup

T
8

ELEMENTARY AGED PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Ages 5-10

• GROSS MOTOR
• Changes clothes without help
• Catches a ball bounced to them
• Runs easily and participates in games of tag,
  etc.
• Rides a bicycle with ability
• Kicks a ball with ability
• Carries out household
  tasks (cleaning room, making bed, etc.)

• FINE MOTOR
• Draws multiple shapes and figures with various
  implements
• Strings beads for projects
• Uses a comb, toothbrush, washcloth without
  support
• Prints letters, numbers, etc.
• Cuts shapes clearly, easily

T
9

EARLY ADOLESCENCE ADOLESCENT PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT ages 11 -18

• Puberty
• Beginning of adolescence coincides with beginning
  of puberty end of adolescence coincides with
  beginning of adulthood.
• Females typically enter puberty about two years
  earlier (between 11-14 years of age) than
  males (between 13-15 years of age). 
• Rapid gains in height and weight.
• Common to grow at a rate of 3-6 inches per year.
• Average American child grows from about 53 inches
  (4 ft. 5 in.) at 10 years of age to about 66 (5
  ft. 6 in.) inches by 18 years (end of growth
  spurt). 13 inches!
• Weight gain results from increased muscle
  development in boys and body fat in girls.
• The average weight of children increases from
  about 67 pounds, at 10 years of age, to about 134
  pounds, at 18 years of age.  ( 67 lbs.!)
• Female maximum height weight are reached by
  18.
• Males reach their peak height and weight after 20
  years of age.

T
10
EARLY ADOLESCENCE ADOLESCENT PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT ages 11 -18

• Development of secondary sex characteristics.
• Changing hormonal levels play a role in
  activating the development of secondary sex
  characteristics. These include
• growth of pubic hair, underarm hair facial hair
  (males only)
• menarche (first menstrual period for girls) or
  spermarche ( first ejaculation for boys)
• voice deepens due to growth of the male larynx
  muscles (males)
• the increased production of oil, increased sweat
  gland activity, and the beginning of acne (both).
• Breast hip growth (females only).

11

How to Physical Changes in adolescence affect
teenagers?

• Not uncommon for teens to sleep longer. Need 9
  hours for maximum mood academic performance.
• Teens may be more clumsy because of growth spurts
  awkward in early adolescence.
• Teenage girls may become overly sensitive about
  their weight.
• Teens may be concerned because they are not
  physically developing at the same rate as their
  peers.
• Teens may feel awkward about demonstrating
  affection to the opposite sex parent.
• Teens may ask more direct questions about sex.
• Due to increase in height, weight muscle teens
  may gravitate toward sports.

T
12
The M-O-V-E Formula for Physical Growth in
Children at all Stages

• The principles of the M-O-V-E formula for
  assisting children with physical growth and
  development are as follows
• Motivation provide a reason to be active in
  out of the classroom at hometime together,
  learning, fun!
• Opportunity to explore and interact
  physicallypaper, crayons, clay, balls,
  bikesspace to play
• Variety different materials and
  activitiesmany different interests!
• Equipment, encouragement and enthusiasm
  something to climb on, push, pull and challenge
  their large and small muscles!
• http//www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/yf/famsci/fs633w.htm
• http//pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-055/350-055.htmlL3
  

13
Physical DevelopmentPicture Cube

• Trace cut out cube pattern or use a square box
  with 6 sides (tissue, etc.).
• Each side will represent 1 stage of a childs
  physical development.
• Cube Title name
• Infancy - birth-2
• Toddler 2-3
• Preschool 4-5
• Elementary 5-9
• Early adolescence / adolescence 10-18
• Select glue pictures from magazines that
  provide examples of a childs physical growth
  development at each stage.
• You will need to label each side of the cube with
  the stage provide examples of at least 2
  large/gross motor skills 2 fine/small motor
  skills (identify which they are).

14
Cognitive Development?

• Continued brain development. Recent research
  suggests that teens' brains are not completely
  developed until late in adolescence.
  Specifically, studies suggest that the
  connections between neurons affecting emotional,
  physical and mental abilities are incomplete.
  (Strauch, 2003) This could explain why some teens
  seem to be inconsistent in controlling their
  emotions, impulses, and judgments.