Lesson Planning

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Lesson Planning

• TCH 347
• Social Studies in the Elementary School
• Department of Education
• Shippensburg University
• Han Liu, Ph. D.

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Types of Lesson Plan

• Mini Lesson Plan
• Unit Lesson Plan
• Block Lesson Plan (Block Scheduling)

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Keep in Mind When Planning a Lesson

• Goals
• Long-range desired outcomes of instruction that
  give teachers a sense of direction. Usually
  expressed as strands that are woven throughout
  the curriculum at all or at certain grade levels.
• Three Strands of Goals
• Knowledge and Cultural Understanding
• Skills Attainment and Social Participation
• Democratic Understanding and Civic Values

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Lesson Plan Outline

• Prepare Standards
• Prepare Objectives
• Prepare Curriculum
• Prepare Students
• Prepare Learning Environment
• Prepare Technology
• Prepare Instructional Strategies
• Prepare Class Activities
• Prepare Assessment

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Preparing for Standards

• National
• State
• District
• School
• Personal

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Preparing Objectives

• Objectives
• Related specific and measurable outcomes sought
  by teachers at each grade level.
• Behavioral Objective
• Behavior (action verb)
• Performance level (criteria)
• Criteria (condition of performance)
• Cognitive Objective
• General Cognitive Objectives
• Special Cognitive Objectives
• Open Objective vs. Closed Objective
• Open objective Divergent thinking is emphasized
• Closed Objective Convergent thinking is
  emphasized

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Sample of Behavioral Objectives (1)

• Knowledge Objective Students will write
  behavior a definition of stereotype similar to
  the one in the textbookperformance level,
  without referring to the textbook or a
  dictionaryconditions.
• Thinking Skill Objective Using classroom sources
  other than the textbook condition, students
  will generalize by writing behavior one
  performance level main idea about the role of
  government in a community.
• Study Skill Objective Students will make
  behavior a map of trails westward, using
  crayons and an outline map of the United States
  conditions to show three trails in different
  colors performance level

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Sample of Behavior Objectives (2)

• Value Objective Students will state behavior
  the extent to which justice was upheld in a story
  read by the teacher conditions, giving one
  performance level reason for the judgment.
• Participation Objective Students will show
  sensitivity to feelings of others by always
  performance level making behavior
  constructive comments in group discussion
  conditions.

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Preparing Curriculum

• Text book
• Other Print/Online Materials
• Curriculum Organization
• Content Delivery
• Conceptual Structure
• Scope and Sequence
• Skills

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Preparing Students-1

• Learning Styles
• Cognitive Styles
• Multiple Intelligence
• Personal Interests
• Special Needs

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Preparing Students-2

• Cultural Differences
• Ethnic Differences
• Racial Differences
• Differences in Socioeconomic Status (SES)
• Linguistic Differences
• Gender Differences
• Religious Differences
• Regional Differences
• Individuality

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Preparing Students-3

• Exceptional Students
• Gifted and Talented students
• Students with mental retardation
• Student with learning disabilities
• Students with emotional disturbance
• Students with physical impairments
• Students with hearing impairments
• Students with visual impairments
• Students with movement impairments
• Students with communication disorders
• At-risk students

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Preparing Class Activities

• Introductory activities
• Developmental activities
• Expanding activities
• Concluding activities
• Individual activities
• Group activities
• Activities involving technology

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Preparing Group Activities

• Whole group
• Small Group
• Committees
• The Symposium
• The Panel Discussion
• The Roundtable Discussion
• Buzz Groups
• Cooperative Learning Groups
• Decision-Making Model
• Case-Analysis Model

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Preparing Learning Environment
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Preparing Technology

• Reserve machines
• Test machines before class
• Alignment instructional and learning activities
  with technology
• Prepare rules for using technology
• Prepare backups in case of technology failure

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Preparing Instructional Strategies

• Theoretical guidelines
• Instructional approaches
• Content/grade level appropriate methods
• Instructing, facilitating, supervising, and
  directing techniques
• Accommodating different needs
• Questioning techniques
• Organizing examples
• Informal assessment skills
• Developing student learning modules

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Alignment of Standards, Objectives, Questions,
and Assessments

• National State Standards
• Behavioral Cognitive Objectives
• Convergent Divergent Questions
• Traditional Alternative Assessments

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Alignment of Objectives, Questions, and
Assessments with Blooms Taxonomy

• Level of Objectives
• Level of Questions
• Choices of Assessment Tools (refer to PPT 3
  Assessment Evaluation)

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Alignment with KWHL Model

• What do you already know
• Student previous knowledge
• What do you want to know
• Learning objectives
• How do you know
• Procedures and activities
• What have you learned
• Assessment (formal informal)

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Consider the Following in Lesson Planning

• Grade Level
• Subject Area
• Content Specialty
• Time Allocation

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Want to be a Great Teacher?

• Mediocre teacher tells
• Good teacher explains
• Superior teacher demonstrates
• Great teacher inspires

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Contents of a Generic Lesson Plan

• Standards
• Objectives
• Materials
• Procedure/Activities
• Teacher Activities
• Introduction
• Development
• Expansion
• Conclusion
• Lecturing
• Facilitating
• Supervising
• Directing
• Providing feedback

• Students Activities
• Individual activities
• Group activities
• Hands-on activities
• Activity with technology
• Data-gathering activities
• Thinking-reasoning activities
• Applicative activities
• Creative/Expressive activities
• Organizing/Summarizing Activities
• Reflection/Informal/Formal Assessment
• Assignment (Homework)